MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting more than 100 million people. It occurs in all countries regardless of the level of economic development and represents a significant medical and social problem for both children and adults. Asthma may develop at any age, although it often begins in childhood. The prevalence of the disease is associated with environmental deterioration, exposure to allergens, infections, and genetic predisposition. Modern approaches to the treatment of bronchial asthma include pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods aimed at controlling inflammation of the airways and preventing exacerbations. The purpose of this article is to review the etiology of bronchial asthma and modern therapeutic strategies used for disease control.

支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）是全球范围内最常见的慢性疾病之一，患病人群超过1亿。无论经济发展水平如何，该病在所有国家均有发生，对儿童与成人而言均构成了严峻的医学与社会公共卫生问题。哮喘可在任何年龄段发病，但通常始发于儿童时期。该病的患病率与环境恶化、过敏原暴露、感染及遗传易感性密切相关。当前支气管哮喘的现代治疗方案包括药物疗法与非药物疗法，旨在控制气道炎症并预防疾病急性加重。本文旨在综述支气管哮喘的病因学，以及用于疾病管控的现代治疗策略。