yorku.grassland.woodlot.sept27-2016.csv

On Tuesday, September 27th, 2016, at 3:00-4:30pm, an experiment testing the total number of birds, number of species, and frequency of that species between the Danby Woodlot and the Grasslands was carried out. The weather was 17 degrees Celsius; the wind speed was 18 km/h, and mostly cloudy skies. This experiment was conducted at the Danby Woodlot and Grasslands area, located at the York University Keele Campus (43.7 degrees North, 75.9 degrees West), between York Blvd and Keele St. It was predicted that there would be a greater number of birds in the Woodlot than the Grasslands. It was hypothesized that the frequency of seeing different bird species would be greater in the Woodlot because birds have their shelter and food in trees, which is necessary for different bird species to continue thriving. This experiment was carried out by placing a belt transect that was measured to be 25m, and waiting 5 minutes to observe the total number of birds, the total number of species, and the frequency of the species within the transect. This was done for a total of 5 times in the Woodlot area, and a total of 5 times in the Grassland area. 45 minutes were both equally spent in the Grassland and Woodlot area. The hypothesis was proven to be correct; there were more birds in total, more species, and the frequency of birds in a specific species was greater in the Woodlot area than the Grasslands, but the confounding variables that negatively affected the amount of birds that were seen while the experiment was being carried out were the wind and cool weather.

2016年9月27日星期二下午3:00至4:30，本实验针对丹比林地（Danby Woodlot）与草地（Grasslands）区域内的鸟类总数、物种数量及各物种出现频率开展调查。实验地点位于约克大学基尔校区（York University Keele Campus）的丹比林地与草地范围，具体处于约克大道（York Blvd）与基尔街（Keele St）之间，地理坐标为北纬43.7度、西经75.9度。当日实验期间气温为17摄氏度，风速18千米/小时，天空以多云为主。研究预设林地内的鸟类总数将多于草地，并提出假说：林地内不同鸟类物种的出现频率更高，原因在于树木可为鸟类提供栖息与食物场所，而此类条件是不同鸟类物种持续繁衍的必要支撑。本次实验通过设置长度为25米的带状样带（belt transect），静置5分钟后对样带内的鸟类总数量、物种总数及各物种出现频率进行观测，该流程在林地与草地区域各重复5次，两地实验时长均为45分钟。实验结果验证了前述假说：林地内的鸟类总数量、物种总数均高于草地，且特定鸟类物种的出现频率也更高。但实验过程中存在两类负面影响观测结果的混淆变量：风力与低温天气。