Crash tests results – Measured values.

This study investigates the safety risks of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) collisions with humans, focusing on impact dynamics through controlled crash testing. Utilizing a custom-designed drop mechanism, 49 impact tests were conducted on a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device at various velocities and kinetic energies (7–24 m/s and 1–280 J). Tested UASs included a range of designs and weights (20 g to over 1 kg). Results demonstrated limitations in using kinetic energy models and peak head acceleration for injury prediction. The Head Injury Criterion showed greater consistency, reflecting the temporal profile of impacts. Findings revealed that UAS structural fragility reduces energy transfer at higher impacts through deformation and fracturing. This work underscores the need for improved testing protocols and nuanced safety standards.本研究聚焦于无人驾驶航空系统（Unmanned Aerial System, UAS）与人体碰撞的安全风险，通过受控碰撞试验探究其碰撞动力学特性。研究采用定制设计的跌落装置，在7~24 m/s、1~280 J的不同速度与动能条件下，对Hybrid III型拟人测试装置完成了49次碰撞试验。本次测试的无人驾驶航空系统涵盖多种设计类型与重量区间（20 g至1 kg以上）。结果表明，仅依靠动能模型与头部峰值加速度开展损伤预测存在局限性；头部损伤评定标准（Head Injury Criterion, HIC）则展现出更高的一致性，能够反映碰撞的时域分布特征。研究同时发现，无人驾驶航空系统的结构脆性可通过变形与断裂，在高强度碰撞中降低能量传递效率。本研究强调了优化测试规程与制定精细化安全标准的必要性。