Risk Factors that modify the familial aggregation for ischemic cardiovascular illness

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Ischemic cardiovascular disease is a global health problem. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the risk factors that modified the familial aggregation for ischemic cardiovascular disease in affected individuals. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> An observational, analytical, longitudinal and retrospective case/control study was carried out from the population of the Banes municipality, Holguín province during May 2020-May 2022. The universe included all the diagnosed individuals and their families. By simple random sampling, the sample (149 cases) was obtained and the control group was formed at a ratio of 3:1 (447 individuals with no history of disease). The bioethical requirements were met. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. The statistics were used: Chi square, Odd Ratio (OR), including p and confidence interval. The variables were operationalized: age, degree of consanguinity and risk factors. The family tree was obtained. <strong>Results:</strong> The relatives of first and second degree of consanguinity showed the highest incidence of disease. The age group 60-69 years was more affected. Familial aggregation for the disease was demonstrated (X²=45.93 OR=5.85 99.9% CI (3.29; 10.41)). Ischemic cardiomyopathy (43.3%) and arrhythmias (20.7%) were notable forms of presentation. The risk factors showed an association for the disease (X²=67.11 p ≤0.001). Arterial hypertension (X²=57.9 OR=3.04 99.9% CI (2.27; 4.06)) and smoking (X²=45.7 OR=2.66 99.9% CI (2.3 ; 5,6)) expressed a highly significant association for ischemic cardiovascular disease. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The risk factors: arterial hypertension, smoking and family history modified the family aggregation for ischemic cardiovascular disease.引言：缺血性心血管疾病是全球性的健康问题。 研究目的：明确可影响缺血性心血管疾病患者家族聚集性的危险因素。 材料与方法：本研究为观察性分析类纵向回顾性病例对照研究，研究对象取自古巴奥尔金省巴内斯市的人群，研究周期为2020年5月至2022年5月。研究总体涵盖所有确诊患者及其家属。通过简单随机抽样法抽取149例作为病例组，并按照3:1的比例设置对照组，纳入447名无相关疾病病史的个体。本研究严格遵循生物伦理学规范，严格执行纳入与排除标准。统计学分析采用卡方检验（Chi Square）、比值比（Odd Ratio, OR），同时报告P值与置信区间。对年龄、近亲血缘程度及各类危险因素等变量进行操作化定义，并绘制了家系图。 结果：一级和二级近亲血缘亲属的疾病发病率最高。60~69岁年龄组的受累情况最为显著。本研究证实该病存在家族聚集性（χ²=45.93，OR=5.85，99.9%置信区间(3.29; 10.41)）。缺血性心肌病（43.3%）与心律失常（20.7%）为较为突出的临床表现类型。危险因素与该病存在显著关联（χ²=67.11，P≤0.001）。其中，高血压（χ²=57.9，OR=3.04，99.9%置信区间(2.27; 4.06)）与吸烟（χ²=45.7，OR=2.66，99.9%置信区间(2.3; 5.6)）与缺血性心血管疾病存在高度显著的关联。 结论：高血压、吸烟及家族史等危险因素可对缺血性心血管疾病的家族聚集性产生影响。