Common degree of variables.

Different driving environments may lead to increased mental workload and fatigue among drivers, consequently diminishing driving safety. To investigate the impact of various factors on drivers’ driving load, this study approaches the issue from three perspectives: external weather environment, road driving environment, and in-vehicle driving environment. Through the experimental modeling of the mountainous road section of Provincial Highway S208 in Chongyang County, Xianning City, and employing simulated driving experiments, various factor combinations were designed to investigate the visual characteristics of drivers. Through factor analysis, a comprehensive examination is conducted on four visual indicators: the rate of change in pupil area, fixation duration, saccade velocity, and saccade angle, to explore the patterns of influence exerted by these factors on the driving load of drivers. The evaluation results of driving workload indicate that the degree of driver distraction decreases when the plant spacing is set at 6 meters and the type of road traffic auxiliary facilities is configured to two. When the traffic flow on the road is zero and no driving sub-mission are present, the driver experiences the minimum level of workload. The findings of this study provide robust theoretical support for nighttime mountain driving safety, contributing to the in-depth exploration of traffic safety theories.不同的驾驶环境可能会加剧驾驶员的心理负荷与疲劳程度，进而削弱驾驶安全性。为探究各类因素对驾驶员驾驶负荷的影响，本研究从外部气象环境、道路行驶环境与车载驾驶环境三个维度展开研究。本研究以咸宁市崇阳县S208省道山区路段为实验建模对象，结合模拟驾驶实验，设计多组因素组合方案以探究驾驶员的视觉特性。通过因子分析法，本研究对瞳孔面积变化率、注视时长、扫视速度与扫视角度四项视觉指标进行综合分析，以揭示各类因素对驾驶员驾驶负荷的影响规律。驾驶负荷评估结果显示：当植被间距设置为6米、道路交通辅助设施配置为两类时，驾驶员的分心程度有所降低；当道路车流量为零且无驾驶子任务时，驾驶员的负荷水平达到最低。本研究成果可为山区夜间驾驶安全提供坚实的理论支撑，有助于推动交通安全理论的深入探索。