Gridded fossil CO2 emissions and related O2 combustion consistent with national inventories

Data Access Notice Please note that, at present, the data for a sample of years are provided in this data record due to Zenodo's 50GB data limit. Data for all years 1959-2023 can be accessed via the following link: http://opendap.uea.ac.uk/opendap/hyrax/greenocean/GridFED/GridFEDv2024.0/contents.html Product Description See Jones et al. (2021) for a detailed description of this dataset and the core methods used to produce it. Key details are provided below. GCP-GridFED (version 2024.0) is a gridded fossil emissions dataset that is consistent with the national CO2 emissions reported by the Global Carbon Project (GCP; https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/) in the annual editions of its Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al., 2023). GCP-GridFEDv2024.0 provides monthly fossil CO2 emissions for the period 1959-2023 at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. The gridded emissions estimates are provided separately for fossil CO2 emitted by the oxidation of oil, coal and natural gas, international bunkers, and the calcination of limestone during cement production. The dataset also includes the cement carbonation sink of CO2. Note that positive values in GridFED signify a surface-to-atmosphere CO2 flux (emissions). Negative values signify an atmosphere-to-surface flux and apply only to the cement carbonation sink. GCP-GridFED also includes gridded uncertainties in CO2 emission, incorporating differences in uncertainty across emissions sectors and countries, and gridded estimates of corresponding O2 uptake based on oxidative ratios for oil, coal and natural gas (see Jones et al., 2021). Core Methodology in Brief GCP-GridFEDv2024.0 was produced by scaling monthly gridded emissions for the year 2010, from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2; Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2019), to the national annual emissions estimates compiled as part of the 2024 global carbon budget (GCP-NAE) for the years 1959-2023 (Friedlingstein et al., 2024). GCP-GridFEDv2024.0 uses a preliminary release of GCP-NAE covering the years 1959-2023 (timestamp 1st August 2024; an update from Andrew and Peters [2023]). The GCP-NAE estimates for year 2023 are based on data available at the timestamp and the estimates are thus expected to differ somewhat from those that will be presented by Friedlingstein et al. (2024), which will adopt updates to GCP-NAE since the timestamp. For full details of the core methodology, see Jones et al. (2021). Changes to the Seasonality of Emissions in GCP-GridFEDv2022.2 onwards The seasonality of emissions (monthly distribution of annual emissions) for the following countries/sources is now based on the seasonality observed in the Carbon Monitor dataset (Liu et al., 2020; Dou et al., 2022): Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States. State or province-level data is used for Brazil, China, Russia, and the United States. This also applies for the Bunker Aviation and Bunker Shipping sectors. Seasonality is determined in the following ways for those countries/sources: The seasonality of emissions in 2019-2023 is taken from Carbon Monitor. The seasonality of emissions in all years prior to 2019 is assigned as the average of the seasonality from Carbon Monitor in all years excluding 2020 (due to the impact of COVID-19 on the seasonality of emissions in 2020). For all countries not listed above and all years 1959-2023, GCP-GridFED adopts the seasonality from EDGAR v4.3.2 (year 2010; Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2019) and applies a small correction based on heating/cooling degree days to account for inter-annual climate variability which effects emissions in some sectors (see Jones et al., 2021). Other New Features of GCP-GridFEDv2024.0 There have been no changes to the functionality of the GridFED code in this update versus the previous update (v2023.1).数据获取须知 请注意，受限于Zenodo平台50GB的数据存储限制，本数据记录仅提供部分年份的样本数据。1959-2023年全年份数据可通过以下链接获取： http://opendap.uea.ac.uk/opendap/hyrax/greenocean/GridFED/GridFEDv2024.0/contents.html 数据集说明 有关本数据集及其核心制作方法的详细说明，请参阅Jones等人（2021）的研究成果。下文将列出关键细节。 GCP-GridFED（版本2024.0）是一款网格化化石燃料排放数据集，其数据与全球碳计划（Global Carbon Project, GCP；https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/）在《全球碳预算》年度报告（Friedlingstein等，2023）中公布的国家级二氧化碳排放数据保持一致。 GCP-GridFEDv2024.0提供1959-2023年的月度化石燃料二氧化碳排放数据，空间分辨率为0.1°×0.1°。网格化排放估算数据分别对应石油、煤炭、天然气氧化排放，国际航船与航空燃油排放，以及水泥生产中石灰石煅烧产生的二氧化碳排放。本数据集还包含二氧化碳的水泥碳化吸收汇数据。请注意，GridFED中的正值代表地表向大气的二氧化碳通量（即排放），负值则代表大气向地表的通量，仅适用于水泥碳化汇场景。 GCP-GridFED还包含网格化的二氧化碳排放不确定性数据，涵盖不同排放行业和国家间的不确定性差异，并基于石油、煤炭、天然气的氧化比率，给出了对应氧气吸收量的网格化估算值（详见Jones等，2021）。 核心方法简述 GCP-GridFEDv2024.0的制作方法为：以全球大气研究排放数据库（Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR v4.3.2; Janssens-Maenhout等，2019）中2010年的月度网格化排放数据为基础，将其比例缩放至1959-2023年2024年全球碳预算（Global Carbon Project National Annual Emissions, GCP-NAE）所编制的国家级年度排放估算值（Friedlingstein等，2024）。 GCP-GridFEDv2024.0采用了覆盖1959-2023年的GCP-NAE预发布版本（时间戳：2024年8月1日；由Andrew与Peters[2023]更新）。2023年的GCP-NAE估算值基于该时间戳时已获取的数据，因此该估算值与Friedlingstein等人（2024）即将发布的结果可能存在一定差异——后者将采用该时间戳之后更新的GCP-NAE数据。 有关核心方法的完整细节，请参阅Jones等（2021）的研究成果。 GCP-GridFEDv2022.2及后续版本的排放季节特征调整 以下国家/排放源的排放季节特征（即年度排放的月度分布）现已采用碳监测（Carbon Monitor）数据集（Liu等，2020；Dou等，2022）中的观测季节特征： 奥地利、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、中国、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、印度、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、英国、美国。 巴西、中国、俄罗斯及美国采用州/省级尺度的数据。 该规则同样适用于航空燃油和航运燃油排放领域。 针对上述国家/排放源，其季节特征按以下方式确定： 2019-2023年的排放季节特征直接采用碳监测数据集的结果。 2019年之前所有年份的排放季节特征，取碳监测数据集除2020年外所有年份的季节特征平均值（因2020年新冠疫情对排放季节特征产生了显著影响）。 对于上述列表以外的所有国家，以及1959-2023年的所有年份，GCP-GridFED采用EDGAR v4.3.2（2010年数据；Janssens-Maenhout等，2019）的季节特征，并基于冷暖度日数进行小幅校正，以解释部分排放行业受年际气候变率的影响（详见Jones等，2021）。 GCP-GridFEDv2024.0的其他新增特性 相较于上一版本（v2023.1），本更新未对GridFED代码的功能进行任何修改。