Green Synthesis and Characterization of Alloy Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts

The green synthesis of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), and Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles using <i>Aspalathus linearis </i>(Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren, commonly known as green rooibos, as well as its pure bioactive compound, aspalathin, involves a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to nanoparticle fabrication.Aspalathus linearis, commonly known as green rooibos, serves as the primary source material for this synthesis process. The extract obtained from <i>Aspalathus linearis</i> contains various phytochemicals, including the bioactive compound aspalathin, which plays a crucial role in nanoparticle formation.The synthesis typically begins by preparing a solution of the<i> Aspalathus linearis </i>extract or a solution containing a specific concentration of aspalathin. This solution serves as both the reducing agent and stabilizing agent for the nanoparticle synthesis process.Next, metal precursors, such as chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) for gold nanoparticles and palladium chloride (PdCl₂) for palladium nanoparticles, are added to the solution. The aspalathin in the solution acts as a reducing agent, facilitating the reduction of metal ions to form metal nanoparticles.Under suitable reaction conditions, such as controlled temperature and pH, the reduction of metal ions occurs, leading to the nucleation and growth of Au, Pd, or Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles. Aspalathin molecules present in the solution interact with the metal ions, leading to the formation of stable nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology.The green synthesis approach offers several advantages, including:1. Sustainability: The use of natural extracts from Aspalathus linearis reduces the reliance on chemical reagents, minimizing the environmental impact of nanoparticle synthesis.2. Biocompatibility: Aspalathin, as a bioactive compound derived from a plant source, enhances the biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles, making them suitable for various biomedical applications.<br>3. Scalability: The green synthesis process can be easily scaled up for large-scale production of nanoparticles without compromising environmental sustainability.4. Cost-effectiveness: By utilizing plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, the green synthesis approach offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods.Overall, the green synthesis of Au, Pd, and Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles using<i> Aspalathus linearis</i> and aspalathin showcases a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for nanoparticle fabrication, with promising applications in various fields, including catalysis, biomedicine, and environmental remediation.The data provided encompasses results obtained through a variety of characterization techniques, including:• Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy• Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Analysis• High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)• Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED)• Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy with High Angle Annular Dark Field (STEM-HAADF)• Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)These techniques collectively offer comprehensive insights into the properties and structure of the materials under the study.Note: The study did not require ethical clearance

以线叶金雀花（*Aspalathus linearis* (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren，俗称绿路易波士茶）及其纯生物活性成分线叶金雀花素（aspalathin）为原料，制备金（Au）、钯（Pd）及金-钯双金属纳米颗粒的绿色合成方法，是一种可持续且环境友好的纳米颗粒制备路径。
线叶金雀花是该合成工艺的核心原料。从线叶金雀花中提取得到的浸液含有多种植物化学成分，其中包括生物活性成分线叶金雀花素，其在纳米颗粒形成过程中发挥关键作用。
该合成流程通常始于制备线叶金雀花浸液溶液，或配制含有特定浓度线叶金雀花素的溶液。该溶液可同时充当纳米颗粒合成过程中的还原剂与稳定剂。
随后向溶液中加入金属前驱体，如用于制备金纳米颗粒的氯金酸（HAuCl₄），以及用于制备钯纳米颗粒的氯化钯（PdCl₂）。溶液中的线叶金雀花素作为还原剂，可促进金属离子的还原反应，进而形成金属纳米颗粒。
在适宜的反应条件（如可控温度与pH值）下，金属离子发生还原反应，引发金、钯或金-钯双金属纳米颗粒的成核与生长。溶液中的线叶金雀花素分子可与金属离子相互作用，从而形成尺寸与形貌可控的稳定纳米颗粒。
该绿色合成方法具备多项优势：
1. 可持续性：采用线叶金雀花的天然浸液，可减少对化学试剂的依赖，降低纳米颗粒合成过程对环境的负面影响。
2. 生物相容性：作为植物来源的生物活性成分，线叶金雀花素可提升合成纳米颗粒的生物相容性，使其适用于多种生物医学应用。
3. 可规模化性：该绿色合成工艺可轻松放大至纳米颗粒的大规模生产，且不会牺牲环境可持续性。
4. 成本经济性：通过利用植物浸液作为还原剂与稳定剂，该绿色合成方法相比传统纳米颗粒合成手段，具备成本更优的替代方案。
综上，以线叶金雀花及线叶金雀花素为原料的金、钯及金-钯双金属纳米颗粒绿色合成技术，为纳米颗粒制备提供了一种可持续且生态友好的策略，在催化、生物医学及环境修复等诸多领域展现出良好的应用前景。
本数据集涵盖通过多种表征技术获得的实验结果，包括：
• 紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱法
• 动态光散射（DLS）分析
• 高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）
• 选区电子衍射（SAED）
• 高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM-HAADF）
• 衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）
这些技术可全面揭示所研究材料的性质与结构。
注：本研究无需伦理审批