Effect of Selenite and Selenate Application on Mineral Composition of Lettuce Plants Cultivated Under Hydroponic Conditions: Nutritional Balance Overview Using a Multifaceted Study

The effect of selenate and selenite enrichment on mineral composition of a red type of lettuce cv. “Veneza roxa” was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), molecular modeling and principal component analysis (PCA). Both Se species did not show toxicity, while selenate promoted the greatest Se accumulation by the plant. There was an increase of 886 µg of Se per 100 g of fresh sample at different concentrations of selenate, but for selenite the maximum variation was only of 114 µg per 100 g. Selenate promoted the absorption of Mo and S and the reduction of K, Mn and P, meanwhile selenite increased Mn and decreased Mo accumulation. Copper and Fe absorption was negatively affected, Ca and Mg showed a slight increase, and Na and Zn were not affected by Se species. Despite the changes in the nutritional balance, Se-enriched lettuce can still be considered a potential dietary source of this essential element.

本研究采用电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱法（inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ICP OES）、分子模拟技术及主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA），评估了硒酸盐与亚硒酸盐富集处理对红生菜品种"Veneza roxa"矿物质组成的影响。
两种硒形态均未表现出毒性，其中硒酸盐可使植株对硒的积累量达到最高水平。在不同硒酸盐处理浓度下，每100g鲜样的硒含量可提升886μg；而亚硒酸盐处理组的最大硒含量增幅仅为114μg/100g鲜样。
硒酸盐处理可促进植株对钼（Mo）与硫（S）的吸收，同时降低钾（K）、锰（Mn）与磷（P）的积累；亚硒酸盐处理则可提升锰的积累量并降低钼的积累。铜（Cu）与铁（Fe）的吸收受到负面影响，钙（Ca）与镁（Mg）含量略有上升，而钠（Na）与锌（Zn）的积累不受硒形态的影响。
尽管硒富集处理会改变生菜的营养平衡，但富硒生菜仍可被视为该必需微量元素的潜在膳食来源。