Analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a vertical slot fishway in two slopes

ABSTRACT Several fish transposition systems (MTP´s) have been employed to allow the fish upstream migration through river dams for spawning. The design of MTP´s of the type of vertical slot fishways requires not only the analysis of the pool hydraulic behavior to evaluate the velocity fields, the energy dissipation levels, and the Reynolds shear stress distributions, but also the study of biological characteristics of aquatic species impacted by the river dams. However, these parameters are not evaluated together, and some of them are valued at the average of the tank. This work deals with an analysis of the main hydraulic characteristics of a slot vertical fishway at two channel slopes, 6% and 12%. The hydraulic characteristic graphs obtained in this work show that a slope of 6% is preferable for the design of this kind of fishway, since the associated velocity magnitudes fits better to the ideal conditions for the safe fish passage. The slope of 12% creates restrictions in terms of the available area for fish passage due to power dissipation and shear stresses conditions.摘要：已有多种鱼类转运系统（MTPs）被应用于辅助鱼类洄游至河道上游以完成产卵繁殖。竖缝式鱼道（Vertical Slot Fishway）类MTPs的设计，不仅需要分析池室水力特性以评估流场分布、消能水平及雷诺切应力（Reynolds Shear Stress）分布，还需研究受河道大坝影响的水生生物的生物学特征。但现有研究并未对这些参数开展联合评估，且部分参数仅以池室平均值进行表征。本研究针对6%与12%两种渠坡下的竖缝式鱼道，对其主要水力特性展开分析。研究得到的水力特性曲线显示，6%的渠坡更适配该类鱼道的设计，因其对应的流速条件更契合鱼类安全通行的理想工况；而12%的渠坡则因消能与切应力条件的限制，压缩了鱼类通行的有效空间。