CORONARY CIRCULATION AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Coronary circulation plays a crucial role in maintaining myocardial viability by ensuring a continuous supply of oxygen and metabolic substrates to cardiac tissue. Disruption of coronary blood flow leads to ischemia and, if prolonged, results in myocardial infarction, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to analyze the anatomical structure of coronary circulation and its role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. A comprehensive review of anatomical, physiological, and clinical literature was conducted to evaluate the relationship between coronary vessel structure, hemodynamic regulation, and pathological processes. The findings indicate that atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction are key contributors to coronary artery occlusion. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for improving preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and effective treatment of ischemic heart disease.冠脉循环（Coronary circulation）通过持续为心脏组织供给氧气与代谢底物，在维持心肌活性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。冠脉血流中断可引发心肌缺血，若缺血状态持续迁延，则会导致心肌梗死（Myocardial infarction）——这是全球范围内引发较高发病率与死亡率的主要病因之一。本研究旨在剖析冠脉循环的解剖结构及其在心肌梗死发病机制中的作用。本研究通过对解剖学、生理学及临床相关文献开展全面综述，以评估冠脉血管结构、血流动力学调节与病理进程之间的内在关联。研究结果显示，动脉粥样硬化（Atherosclerosis）、血栓形成（Thrombosis）及内皮功能障碍（Endothelial dysfunction）是引发冠状动脉闭塞（Coronary artery occlusion）的核心致病因素。明晰上述发病机制，对于优化缺血性心脏病（Ischemic heart disease）的预防策略、早期诊断及有效治疗方案均具有重要的指导价值。