9-second gridded continental Australia refugial potential for Mammals 1990:2050 MIROC5 RCP 8.5 (CMIP5) (GDM: MAM_r2)

Refugial potential index for Amphibians as a function of climate change based on Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) of compositional turnover. \nThis metric represents a relative measure of the potential of each grid cell to act as a climate change refugia for the local (100km radius) area, taking the representation of current ecological environments by the future state of the cell, and the area of similar ecological environments in the future into account.\n\nThis metric was developed along with others for use in an assessment of the efficacy of the protected area system for biodiversity under climate change at continental and global scales, presented at the IUCN World Parks Congress 2014. It is described in the AdaptNRM Guide “Helping Biodiversity Adapt: Supporting climate adaptation planning using a community-level modelling approach”, available online at: www.adaptnrm.org. \nData are provided in two forms:\n1. Zipped ESRI float grids: Binary float grids (*.flt) with associated ESRI header files (*.hdr) and projection files (*.prj). After extracting from the zip archive, these files can be imported into most GIS software packages, and can be used as other binary file formats by substituting the appropriate header file.\n2. ArcGIS layer package (*.lpk): These packages contain can be unpacked by ArcGIS as a raster with associated legend.\nAdditionally a short methods summary is provided in the file BiodiversityModellingMethodsSummary.pdf for further information.\nLayers in this 9s series use a consistent naming convention:\nBIOLOGICAL GROUP _ FROM BASE_ TO SCENARIO_ ANALYSIS\ne.g. A_90_CAN85_S or R_90_MIR85_L\nwhere BIOLOGICAL GROUP is A: amphibians, M: mammals, R: reptiles and V: vascular plants\nLineage: Refugial potential index was calculated using the highly parallel bespoke CSIRO Muru software running on a LINUX high-performance-computing cluster, taking GDM model transformed environmental grids as inputs. The index of revegetation was calculated as the marginal gain from revegetation actions at a cleared location as a function of the area of similar ecological environments More detail of the calculations and methods are given in the document “BiodiversityModellingMethodsSummary.pdf” provided with the data download. \nGDM Model: \nGeneralised dissimilarity model of compositional turnover in amphibian species for continental Australia at 9 second resolution using ALA data extracted 27 February 2014 (GDM: AMP_r2_PTS1)\nClimate data. Models were built and projected using:\na) 9-second gridded climatology for continental Australia 1976-2005: Summary variables with elevation and radiative adjustment\nb) 9-second gridded climatology for continental Australia 2036-2065 MIROC5 RCP 8.5 (CMIP5): Summary variables with elevation and radiative adjustment

基于物种组成更替广义相异模型（Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling, GDM）构建的气候变化下两栖动物避难所潜力指数。
该指标为相对度量值，反映每个网格单元作为局地（半径100km范围）气候变化避难所的潜力，其考量了单元未来气候状态对当前生态环境的表征能力，以及未来相似生态环境的分布范围。

该指标与其他指标一同开发，用于评估全球及大陆尺度下保护区体系在气候变化背景下对生物多样性的保护效力，相关成果发表于2014年世界自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN）世界公园大会。其详细说明见于《AdaptNRM指南：助力生物多样性适应——基于群落级建模方法的气候适应规划支持》，可在线获取：www.adaptnrm.org。

本数据集提供两种存储格式：
1. 压缩包格式的ESRI浮点栅格：包含二进制浮点栅格文件（*.flt）、配套的ESRI头文件（*.hdr）与投影文件（*.prj）。从压缩包解压后，这些文件可导入大多数地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）软件，也可通过替换对应头文件的方式作为其他二进制文件格式使用。
2. ArcGIS图层包（*.lpk）：此类包可通过ArcGIS解压为带有配套图例的栅格图层。

此外，数据下载包中附带了简短的方法概述文件《BiodiversityModellingMethodsSummary.pdf》，以供进一步查阅详细信息。

本9弧秒分辨率系列图层采用统一命名规则：
生物类群_基准年份_情景_分析类型
示例：A_90_CAN85_S 或 R_90_MIR85_L
其中生物类群对应关系为：A=两栖动物，M=哺乳动物，R=爬行动物，V=维管植物。

数据生成流程：避难所潜力指数通过运行于LINUX高性能计算集群的高度并行定制化CSIRO Muru软件计算得到，输入数据为经广义相异模型转换的环境栅格。植被恢复指数则以相似生态环境的分布范围为函数，通过清理区域开展植被恢复措施所带来的边际增益进行计算。具体计算过程与方法详见数据下载包中附带的《BiodiversityModellingMethodsSummary.pdf》文件。

广义相异模型：基于2014年2月27日提取的澳大利亚生物图集（Atlas of Living Australia, ALA）数据，构建的澳大利亚大陆9弧秒分辨率两栖动物物种组成更替广义相异模型（模型标识：GDM: AMP_r2_PTS1）

气候数据：模型构建与投影采用以下数据集：
a) 1976-2005年澳大利亚大陆9弧秒分辨率网格化气候数据集：经高程与辐射校正的合成变量
b) 2036-2065年澳大利亚大陆9弧秒分辨率网格化气候数据集（MIROC5模式、RCP 8.5情景，耦合模式比较计划第五阶段（Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, CMIP5））：经高程与辐射校正的合成变量。