Integrative morphometric and molecular evidence of host specialization and cryptic speciation in leaf blister mites (Eriophyes spp.) infesting rosaceous hosts

These datasets contain the raw molecular and morphometric data used in an integrative taxonomic study of blister-forming eriophyoid mites of the genus Eriophyes, key pests of rosaceous plants. The study focused on populations associated with Malus domestica, Pyrus spp., and Sorbus aucuparia, combining mitochondrial COI and nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA sequences from multiple populations with multivariate morphometric analyses based on 28 quantitative morphological characters. Phylogenetic reconstruction and bPTP species delimitation revealed strong host-associated genetic structuring and up to seven deeply divergent evolutionary lineages, with COI resolving several host-specific, highly divergent clades and the more conserved D2 marker supporting major host-associated groupings but recovering fewer lineages, indicative of mito–nuclear discordance. These datasets were used for morphometric analyses, which showed statistically significant differentiation among host-associated populations, although extensive overlap in diagnostic characters, particularly between pear- and rowan-associated mites, points to cryptic speciation, whereas apple-associated mites exhibited clearer morphological differentiation concordant with molecular clustering. Overall, the data document that leaf blister mites on rosaceous hosts represent a complex of distinct, host-specialized species and provide a reference for future work on eriophyoid taxonomy, species delimitation, vector identification, and improved pest management.本数据集包含用于瘿螨属（Eriophyes）叶疱型瘿螨总科螨类（eriophyoid mites）整合分类学研究的原始分子与形态测量数据，该类群为蔷薇科植物的主要害虫。本研究聚焦于与栽培苹果（Malus domestica）、梨属（Pyrus spp.）物种以及花楸（Sorbus aucuparia）相关的螨类种群，整合了多个种群的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）序列与28S核糖体DNA核D2区序列，并基于28个定量形态特征开展多变量形态测量分析。系统发育重建与贝叶斯泊松树过程（bPTP）物种界定分析结果显示，该类群存在显著的宿主关联遗传结构，最多可区分7个深度分化的进化支系；其中COI可解析出多个宿主特异性的高度分化演化支，而保守性更强的D2标记仅能支持主要的宿主相关类群划分，鉴定出的支系数量更少，这提示存在线粒体-核基因不协调现象。本数据集被用于形态测量分析，结果显示不同宿主相关的螨类种群间存在统计学意义上的显著分化；尽管鉴别特征存在广泛重叠（尤其是梨与花楸相关螨类之间），这指向隐存物种形成，而与苹果相关的螨类则表现出与分子聚类一致的更为清晰的形态分化。综上，本数据证实蔷薇科宿主上的叶疱瘿螨是一类由不同宿主专化性物种组成的复合类群，可为未来瘿螨分类学、物种界定、媒介昆虫鉴定以及害虫综合治理相关研究提供参考依据。