Evaluation of the Impact of the Educational Revolution in Peru and the Gender Wage Gap, 2017-2021

Background: Women's educational attainment and their generation of value through education has increased the prospects for achieving economic equality between men and women. However, women continue to earn lower wages than men, reflecting growing inequality in several countries. Therefore, the objective of the study is to estimate the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru over the period 2017-2021. Methods: Quantitative, explanatory study aimed at identifying the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru during the period 2017-2021. The research design is non-experimental and uses a time series that analyses the influence of the latent variable of education on the gender wage gap. This is a continuous variable to estimate the Tobit model. Results: The results show that the gender gap in Peru exhibited a decreasing trend between men and women during the period 2017-2020, with an average reduction of 10% until 2020 due to the health crisis. The highest average salary was achieved by men in 2019, reaching S/2289.97 soles, while women reached an average salary of S/1368.85 soles. In the post-pandemic scenario for 2021, the gender gap increased by 3%, with men earning an average salary of S/1999.63 soles and women earning an average salary of S/1281.16 soles. The analysis from 2017-2021 shows that years of education had a positive impact on the gender wage gap in Peru based on the Tobit model estimation. Conclusions: During the analysis period of 2017-2021, years of education had a positive impact on the gender wage gap in Peru, with the greatest impact occurring during the health crisis. The probability of women's incomes improving with an increase in years of education was 2.35%, while for men, the highest impact was in 2018, with a probability of income improvement of 2.16% in terms of marginal effect.研究背景：女性的受教育程度及其通过教育创造的价值，提升了实现男女经济平等的可能性。但当前女性薪资仍普遍低于男性，反映出多国存在日益加剧的不平等问题。本研究旨在评估2017-2021年期间，教育对秘鲁性别薪资差距（gender wage gap）的影响。 研究方法：本研究为定量解释性研究，旨在探明2017-2021年教育对秘鲁性别薪资差距的影响。研究设计为非实验性设计，采用时间序列分析教育潜在变量对性别薪资差距的作用机制。该潜在变量为连续变量，用于构建Tobit模型（Tobit model）开展估计。 研究结果：结果显示，2017-2020年秘鲁性别薪资差距呈逐年收窄趋势，受公共卫生危机影响，至2020年该差距平均缩减了10%。2019年男性平均薪资达到峰值，为2289.97秘鲁索尔，同期女性平均薪资为1368.85秘鲁索尔。2021年疫情后阶段，性别薪资差距扩大了3%，男性平均薪资为1999.63秘鲁索尔，女性平均薪资为1281.16秘鲁索尔。基于Tobit模型的估计结果显示，2017-2021年的受教育年限对秘鲁性别薪资差距具有正向影响。 研究结论：2017-2021年的分析周期内，受教育年限对秘鲁性别薪资差距具有正向影响，其中公共卫生危机期间的影响最为显著。边际效应结果显示，受教育年限每增加一年，女性收入提升的概率为2.35%；而男性收入提升概率最高的年份为2018年，该概率为2.16%。