Ocean temperature and pressure data from UpTempO buoys deployed in the Arctic Ocean in 2015.

Ice-based buoys exist that can measure temperature profiles, but these are not optimized for observing the open sea. Thus the objective of this proposal is to fill this gap in the Arctic Observing Network (AON) measurement strategy, i.e., to measure the time history of summer warming and subsequent fall cooling of the seasonally open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The PIs will focus on those areas with the greatest ice retreat, i.e., the northern Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. Their method will be to build up to 10 relatively inexpensive ocean thermistor string buoys per year, to be deployed in the seasonally ice-free regions of the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic-ADOS (Autonomous Drifting Ocean Station) buoy will float at the ocean surface, equipped with (i) a sea level pressure sensor, (ii) a 50 m long string of 11 thermistors, and (iii) a high precision conductivity/temperature pair at 5 m depth on some buoys for thermistor calibration. Data will be recorded every 2
hours and downloaded in near real time via Argos satellite to the web site of the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP). Daily average and vertically interpolated data (to 1 m bins) will also be provided on the IABP website, and will be sent to data archives (Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service-CADIS and National Oceanographic Data Center-NODC). The PIs will
also work with scientists at mission-oriented agencies to better incorporate ocean surface data into their global products such as Sea Surface Temperature analyses. Real-time data will also be made available to the operational community via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS).
Buoy deployment will use existing assets such as C130 aircraft coordinated by the National Ice Center (NIC), ship cruises planned as part of other projects, and springtime ice surveys conducted by other projects and/or by the U.S. Navy north of Alaska. Sponsor:
University of Washington,
4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seatlle, WA 98195-9472 Funding Source: Arctic Observing Network (AON) Link to Data:
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/UpTempO/Data.php

现有的海基浮标可测量温度剖面，但此类浮标并未针对开阔海域的观测需求进行优化。因此本提案的目标是填补北极观测网络（Arctic Observing Network, AON）观测策略中的这一空白，即监测北冰洋季节性开阔水域区域夏季增暖及后续秋季降温的时间演化过程。

项目负责人（Principal Investigators, PIs）将聚焦海冰消退最为显著的区域，即博福特海北部、楚科奇海、东西伯利亚海以及拉普捷夫海。研究团队计划每年建造至多10台造价相对低廉的海洋热敏电阻串浮标，部署于北冰洋季节性无冰海域。

Arctic-ADOS（自主漂流海洋观测站，Autonomous Drifting Ocean Station）浮标将漂浮于海洋表面，搭载以下观测设备：（i）海平面气压传感器；（ii）一条长50米、集成11个热敏电阻的串列；（iii）部分浮标在5米深度处配备的高精度电导-温度传感器对，用于热敏电阻的现场校准。

数据每2小时采集一次，并通过Argos卫星近乎实时地将数据下载至国际北极浮标项目（International Arctic Buoy Program, IABP）的官方网站。同时，IABP官网还将提供日平均数据以及垂直插值至1米间隔的分层数据，并将此类数据归档至两个权威数据中心：合作北极数据与信息服务中心（Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service, CADIS）以及国家海洋数据中心（National Oceanographic Data Center, NODC）。

项目负责人还将与任务导向型机构的科研人员开展合作，以更好地将海洋表面观测数据融入其全球产品体系，例如海表面温度分析产品。实时观测数据还将通过全球电信系统（Global Telecommunications System, GTS）向业务化运行社区开放共享。

浮标部署将依托现有作业资源，包括由国家冰中心（National Ice Center, NIC）协调的C130运输机、作为其他项目组成部分规划的船舶巡航任务，以及由其他项目和/或美国海军在阿拉斯加北部开展的春季冰况调查作业。

资助方：华盛顿大学
地址：4333 Brooklyn Ave NE，西雅图，华盛顿州98195-9472
资金来源：北极观测网络（AON）
数据链接：http://psc.apl.washington.edu/UpTempO/Data.php