Version 1

The purpose of this pilot project was to determine if preliminary investigation report (PIR) data filed by patrol officers could be collected via laptop computers to allow the direct input of the data into the Los Angeles Police Department Crime and Arrest Database without adversely affecting the personnel taking or using the reports. This data collection addresses the following questions: (1) Did officers and supervisors prefer the automated reporting system (ARS) or the handwritten version of the PIR? (2) Did the ARS affect the job satisfaction or morale of officers and supervisors? (3) Did the ARS reduce the amount of time that patrol officers, supervisors, and clerks spent on paperwork? (4) Did the ARS affect the accuracy of information contained in the PIRs? (5) Did detectives and prosecuting attorneys find the ARS a more reliable source than handwritten PIRs? Officers and supervisors in two divisions of the Los Angeles Police Department, Wilshire and Hollywood, participated as control and experimental groups. The control group continued using handwritten ("existing") PIRs while the experimental group used the automated PIRs (ARS). The General Information Questionnaire collected information on each officer's rank, assignment, watch, gender, age, years with the Los Angeles Police Department, education, job morale, job demands, self-esteem, computer anxiety, and relationship with supervisor and other officers. The Job Performance Rating Form gathered data on work efforts, depth of job knowledge, work quality, oral and written skills, and capacity to learn. The Time Study Sheets collected data on investigation time, writing and editing time, travel time, approval and correction time, review time, errors by type, and data input time for both the handwritten and automated forms. The Evaluation of the Existing Form and the Evaluation of the Automated Form both queried respondents on ease of use, system satisfaction, and productivity loss. The ARS Use Questionnaire asked about ease of use, typing skills, computer skills, comfort with the system, satisfaction with training, and preference for the system. The Hollywood Detective Division ARS Use Questionnaire surveyed detectives on the system's ease of use, task improvement, support for continued use, and preference for the system. The PIR Content Evaluation Form collected data on quality of officers' observations, organization and writing skills, physical evidence, statements of victims, witnesses, and suspects, and offense classification. The Caplan Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity subscales were used in the design of the questionnaires.

本试点项目旨在探究：巡逻警员提交的初步调查报告（Preliminary Investigation Report, PIR）数据能否通过笔记本电脑完成采集，进而将数据直接录入洛杉矶警察局（Los Angeles Police Department, LAPD）犯罪与逮捕数据库，且不会对制作或使用该报告的警务人员造成不利影响。本次数据采集围绕以下研究问题展开：（1）警员与管理人员更偏好自动化报告系统（Automated Reporting System, ARS）还是手写版初步调查报告？（2）自动化报告系统是否会对警员与管理人员的工作满意度或士气产生影响？（3）自动化报告系统是否缩短了巡逻警员、管理人员及文职人员在文书工作上花费的时间？（4）自动化报告系统是否会影响初步调查报告中信息的准确性？（5）侦探与检察官是否认为自动化报告系统相较于手写版初步调查报告是更可靠的数据来源？洛杉矶警察局下辖威尔希尔分局与好莱坞分局的警员及管理人员，分别作为对照组与实验组参与本次研究。对照组继续使用手写版（即「现有版本」）初步调查报告，实验组则采用自动化初步调查报告系统（ARS）。通用信息问卷用于采集每位警员的警衔、工作岗位、值班时段、性别、年龄、入职洛杉矶警察局时长、受教育程度、工作士气、工作负荷、自尊水平、计算机焦虑程度以及与上级和同事的人际关系等信息。工作绩效评定表则采集工作投入度、岗位知识深度、工作质量、口头与书面沟通能力及学习能力相关数据。时间研究记录表针对手写版与自动化版文书，分别采集调查耗时、撰写与编辑耗时、出行耗时、审批与修正耗时、审核耗时、错误类型及数据录入耗时等数据。《现有报告表单评估》与《自动化报告表单评估》均会向受访者调研系统易用性、系统满意度及生产力损失相关情况。《ARS使用问卷》则围绕系统易用性、打字技能、计算机操作能力、对系统的适配度、培训满意度及系统偏好展开调研。好莱坞分局侦探ARS使用问卷则针对侦探群体，调研该系统的易用性、任务优化效果、对持续使用该系统的支持度及系统偏好。《初步调查报告内容评估表》用于采集警员观察质量、文书组织与写作能力、物证留存、被害人、证人及嫌疑人陈述以及犯罪分类等相关数据。本次问卷的设计采用了卡普兰角色冲突与角色模糊分量表（Caplan Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity subscales）。