L'arte nella guerra. La militanza della letteratura cilena allendista = Art in war. The militancy of Chilean allendist literature

The 1973 coup d'état against the Chilean government of Salvador Allende and the subsequent dictatorship of Pinochet represented strategic events of a international dirty war, conducted and financed by the USA against the danger of a Marxist epidemic. First of all, the contribution clarifies the particularity of this total war, conducted – in the so-called "Chilean Laboratory" - with the use of brutal violence and of propaganda. This war tortured and eliminated an entire generation of young people, but their revolutionary dream was not desaparecido. Before the dictatorship, in fact, Chile experienced an incredible cultural ferment: muralists, musicians, filmmakers and writers supported Allende and grew up with him, so much so that they could be called "Allende artists". Their artistic militancy resisted the cultural blackout imposed by the military and managed to spread - both underground and in exile - Allende's cultural legacy. After a brief analytical review of the main areas of Allende's art, the contribution focuses on the militancy of memory in Allende's literature.

1973年针对萨尔瓦多·阿连德（Salvador Allende）智利政府的政变，以及随后皮诺切特（Pinochet）主导的独裁政权，乃是美国为遏制马克思主义思潮泛滥而发起并资助的国际肮脏战争中的标志性事件。本研究首先阐明了这场以“智利实验室”为标识实施的全面战争的特殊性：其以残酷暴力与宣传操控作为核心手段。这场战争迫害并屠戮了整整一代青年，但他们的革命梦想并未沦为“失踪者”（desaparecido）。事实上，在独裁政权建立之前，智利曾掀起一场令人惊叹的文化热潮：壁画家、音乐人、电影人与作家均支持阿连德，并与其一同成长，因此他们亦可被称为“阿连德艺术家”。这些艺术家以艺术践行抗争，抵挡住了军政府实施的文化封锁，并通过地下传播与流亡传播两种途径，将阿连德的文化遗产散播至各处。在简要梳理阿连德相关艺术的主要领域之后，本研究将聚焦于阿连德文学中记忆的抗争性。