Table 4 in Postembryonic development in freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea) in an evolutionary context

Table 4. Comparison of the morphologs of each postembrsonic stage of Parastacidae members. Cherax destructor Clark, 19361)Engaeus cisternarius Suter, 19772)Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) 3)Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) 4)Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835) 5)Stage IEseStalk absentStalk absentStalk absentStalk absentStalk absentCarapaceRostrum bent downward, carapace globular without setaeRostrum bent downward, carapace globular without setaeRostrum bent downward, carapace globular without setaeRostrum bent downward, carapace globular without setaeRostrum bent downward, carapace globular without setaeAntenna 1Seta absent, internal and external flagellum both with 8 segmentsSeta absent, internal and external flagellum with 3–5 segmentsSeta absent, internal and external flagellum with 4–6 segmentsSeta absent internal and external flagellum with 3–4 segmentsSeta absent internal and external flagellum with 4–6 segmentsAntennal scaleSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentAntenna 2Seta absent, flagellum with 26–28 segmentsSeta absent flagellum with 25 segmentsSeta absent flagellum with 28–30 segmentsSeta absent flagellum with 23 segmentsSeta absent flagellum with 23 segmentsMandibleDentition absentDentition absentDentition absentDentition absentDentition absentMaxilla 1Seta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentMaxillipedSeta on distal end of exopodite absentSeta on distal end of exopodite absentSeta on distal end of exopodite absentSeta on distal end of exopodite absentSeta on distal end of exopodite absentPereiopod tipRecurved hookRecurved hookRecurved hookRecurved hookRecurved hookPereiopodSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentPleopodSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentTelsonSub-rectangular with rounded border, devoid of setaeSub-rectangular with rounded borderSub-rectangular with rounded borderSub-rectangular with rounded borderSub-rectangular with rounded border, dorsomarginal small tuberclesStage IIEseStalk presentStalk presentStalk presentStalk presentStalk presentRostrumRostrum slightly developed without setae, carapace less globularRostrum slightly developed without setae,carapace less globular?Rostrum slightly developed without setae, carapace less globularRostrum slightly developed without setae, carapace less globularAntenna 1Seta absent, internal and external flagellum both with 8–9 segmentsSeta absent, internal and external flagellum both with 6 segmentsSeta absent,internal and external flagellum with 6–8 segmentsSeta absent, internal and external flagellum with 5–6 segmentsSeta absent, internal and external flagellum both with 6–9 segmentsAntennal scaleSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentSeta absentAntenna 2Seta absent, flagellum with 39–41 segmentsSeta absent, flagellum with 29 segmentsSeta absent, flagellum with 34 segmentsSeta absent, flagellum with 29 segmentsSeta absent, flagellum with 31 segmentsMandibleDentition presentDentition presentDentition presentDentition presentDentition presentMaxilla 1Seta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta?Seta?Maxilla 2Scaphognathite with 3 longer setae on distal partScaphognathite with 3 longer setae on distal partScaphognathite with 3 longer setae on distal partScaphognathite with 1 longer plumose seta on distal partScaphognathite with 1 longer plumose seta on distal partMaxillipedSetae on distal end of exopodite absentSetae on distal end of exopodite absentSetae on distal end of exopodite absentSetae on distal end of exopodite absentSetae on distal end of exopodite absentPereiopod tipRe-curved spineRe-curved spineRe-curved spineRe-curved spineRe-curved spinePereiopodSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentPleopodLong seta absentLong seta absent???TelsonSub-rectangular with rounded border, dorsomarginal 20 tuberclesSub-rectangular with rounded border, dorsomarginal tuberclesSub-rectangular with rounded border,devoid of setaeSub-rectangular with rounded border,devoid of setaeSub-rectangular with rounded border, dorsomarginal tuberclesStage IIIAntenna 1Seta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentAntennal scaleSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentAntenna 2Seta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentMaxilla 1Seta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentMaxillipedSetae on distal end of exopodite presentSetae on distal end of exopodite presentSetae on distal end of exopodite presentSetae on distal end of exopodite presentSetae on distal end of exopodite presentPereiopod tipCurved spineCurved spineCurved spineCurved spineCurved spinePleopodSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentSeta presentTelsonSegmented with long plumose setaeSegmented with long plumose setaeSegmented with long plumose setaeSegmented with long plumose setaeSegmented with long plumose setae 1) Present studs, 2) Suter (1977). 3) Noro et al. (2005), 4) Rudolph and Zapata (1986), 5) Rudolph and Rios (1987). Italic tspe shows the diagonistic characters for each famils and Roman tspe the apomorphic characters in the four families.表4 副螯虾科（Parastacidae）各物种胚胎后期不同发育阶段的形态学比较 1) 破坏性螯虾（Cherax destructor Clark, 1936）¹ 2) 贮水掘洞螯虾（Engaeus cisternarius Suter, 1977）² 3) 巴西副螯虾（Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869)）³ 4) 尼氏副螯虾（Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882)）⁴ 5) 格斗副螯虾（Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835)）⁵ ### 第一期（Stage I） 眼柄（stalk）：所有供试物种均缺失 头胸甲（carapace）：喙部向下弯曲，呈球状，无刚毛 第一触角（antenna 1）： 1) 无刚毛，内、外鞭均具8节 2) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具3~5节 3) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具4~6节 4) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具3~4节 5) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具4~6节 触角鳞片（antennal scale）：所有物种均无刚毛 第二触角（antenna 2）： 1) 无刚毛，鞭节具26~28节 2) 无刚毛，鞭节具25节 3) 无刚毛，鞭节具28~30节 4) 无刚毛，鞭节具23节 5) 无刚毛，鞭节具23节 大颚（mandible）：所有物种均无齿式结构 第一小颚（maxilla 1）：所有物种均无刚毛 颚足（maxilliped）：外肢（exopodite）远端无刚毛 步足末端（pereiopod tip）：所有物种均为反曲钩 步足（pereiopod）：所有物种均无刚毛 腹肢（pleopod）：所有物种均无刚毛 尾节（telson）： 1) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，无刚毛 2) 亚矩形，边缘圆润 3) 亚矩形，边缘圆润 4) 亚矩形，边缘圆润 5) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，具背缘小瘤突 ### 第二期（Stage II） 眼柄：所有供试物种均存在 喙部（rostrum）： 1) 喙部稍发育，无刚毛，头胸甲球状程度降低 2) 喙部稍发育，无刚毛，头胸甲球状程度降低（原文存疑） 3) 喙部稍发育，无刚毛，头胸甲球状程度降低 4) 喙部稍发育，无刚毛，头胸甲球状程度降低 5) 喙部稍发育，无刚毛，头胸甲球状程度降低 第一触角（antenna 1）： 1) 无刚毛，内、外鞭均具8~9节 2) 无刚毛，内、外鞭均具6节 3) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具6~8节 4) 无刚毛，内、外鞭具5~6节 5) 无刚毛，内、外鞭均具6~9节 触角鳞片（antennal scale）：所有物种均无刚毛 第二触角（antenna 2）： 1) 无刚毛，鞭节具39~41节 2) 无刚毛，鞭节具29节 3) 无刚毛，鞭节具34节 4) 无刚毛，鞭节具29节 5) 无刚毛，鞭节具31节 大颚（mandible）：所有物种均具齿式结构 第一小颚（maxilla 1）：所有物种均具刚毛（第5种原文存疑） 第二小颚（maxilla 2）： 1) 颚舟片（scaphognathite）远端具3根长刚毛 2) 颚舟片远端具3根长刚毛 3) 颚舟片远端具3根长刚毛 4) 颚舟片远端具1根长羽状刚毛 5) 颚舟片远端具1根长羽状刚毛 颚足（maxilliped）：外肢远端刚毛缺失 步足末端（pereiopod tip）：所有物种均为反曲棘 步足（pereiopod）：所有物种均具刚毛 腹肢（pleopod）： 1) 无长刚毛 2) 无长刚毛 3) （原文缺失） 4) （原文缺失） 5) （原文缺失） 尾节（telson）： 1) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，背缘具20个瘤突 2) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，具背缘瘤突 3) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，无刚毛 4) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，无刚毛 5) 亚矩形，边缘圆润，具背缘瘤突 ### 第三期（Stage III） 第一触角（antenna 1）：所有物种均具刚毛 触角鳞片（antennal scale）：所有物种均具刚毛 第二触角（antenna 2）：所有物种均具刚毛 第一小颚（maxilla 1）：所有物种均具刚毛 颚足（maxilliped）：外肢远端具刚毛 步足末端（pereiopod tip）：所有物种均为弯曲棘 腹肢（pleopod）：所有物种均具刚毛 尾节（telson）：所有物种均分节，具长羽状刚毛 注释： ¹ 现有研究数据，² Suter (1977)。³ Noro等（2005），4) Rudolph与Zapata（1986），5) Rudolph与Rios（1987）。 斜体字为各物种类群的鉴别特征，正体字为该四科的衍征。