Mineral contents in the skin and flesh of fruits of apple cultivars

Abstract Apple is considered a functional food, since it presents considerable contribution in the supply of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, and its consumption is related to the prevention of various diseases. However, most cultivars released in recent years have been poorly studied regarding their nutritional properties. The aim of this work was to quantify mineral contents in the skin and flesh, of apple cultivars with potential production in southern Brazil. The apple cultivars evaluated were ‘Fuji Suprema’, ‘Castel Gala’, ‘Lisgala’, ‘Monalisa’, ‘Luiza’, ‘Daiane’, ‘Venice’, ‘Elenise’ and M.10-09 advanced selection, in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Among evaluated minerals, considering consumption of a fruit of 115 g with skin (except carpel and seeds), potassium supplies high percentage of recommended daily intake, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. The calcium content in apples presents low contribution to the recommended daily intake. Due to the higher concentrations of minerals in skin in comparison to flesh, the consumption of whole fruit increases the percentage of minerals ingested. In addition, the evaluated minerals showed significant differences as a function of cultivar. ‘Monalisa’ cultivar, in the flesh portion, stood out due to the high phosphorus and calcium content, 204.1 and 36.5 mg kg-1 (2017/2018) and 305.6 and 43.8 mg kg-1 (2018/2019), respectively. ‘Fuji Suprema’, in both harvest seasons, stood out due to the high potassium contents in skin (1073.8 mg kg-1) and flesh (1223.7 mg kg-1) in 2017/2018 and in flesh (1547.3 mg kg-1) in 2018/2019 and magnesium in flesh (122.4 mg kg-1) in 2017/2018 and in skin (231.2 mg kg-1) and flesh (62.4 mg kg-1) in 2018/2019.

摘要 苹果被视为功能性食品，因其可为人体提供大量抗氧化剂、维生素与矿物质，且其摄入与多种疾病的预防密切相关。然而，近年来推出的多数苹果品种，其营养特性相关研究仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在测定巴西南部具有产业化潜力的苹果品种果皮与果肉中的矿物质含量。参试苹果品种包括‘富士至尊（Fuji Suprema）’、‘卡斯特嘎啦（Castel Gala）’、‘利斯嘎啦（Lisgala）’、‘莫娜丽莎（Monalisa）’、‘路易莎（Luiza）’、‘戴安（Daiane）’、‘威尼斯（Venice）’、‘埃莉妮丝（Elenise）’以及M.10-09优系选株，试验于2017/2018和2018/2019两个生长季开展。以单果重115g（带皮，除去果心与种子）的食用量计算，参试苹果中的钾元素对每日推荐摄入量的贡献占比最高，其次为磷与镁。苹果中的钙元素对每日推荐摄入量的贡献占比相对较低。由于果皮中的矿物质浓度显著高于果肉，带皮食用完整苹果可提升人体摄入的矿物质占比。此外，参试矿物质含量在不同苹果品种间存在显著差异。其中，‘莫娜丽莎（Monalisa）’品种的果肉磷、钙含量表现突出：2017/2018季分别为204.1 mg·kg⁻¹与36.5 mg·kg⁻¹，2018/2019季分别为305.6 mg·kg⁻¹与43.8 mg·kg⁻¹。‘富士至尊（Fuji Suprema）’在两个生长季均表现优异：2017/2018季，其果皮钾含量达1073.8 mg·kg⁻¹，果肉钾含量达1223.7 mg·kg⁻¹，该季其果肉镁含量为122.4 mg·kg⁻¹；2018/2019季，其果肉钾含量达1547.3 mg·kg⁻¹，果皮与果肉镁含量分别为231.2 mg·kg⁻¹与62.4 mg·kg⁻¹。