Multifunctional nanozymes based on MoS₂ for synergistic catalytic activity and cancer photothermal therapy

In recent years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)-based nanozymes have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in the treatment of cancer. The unique properties of two-dimensional MoS₂ such as high surface area, good biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared region, catalytic activity and ability to modify their surfaces for targeted cancer therapy make them an ideal candidate for PTT-based combination therapies. MoS₂-based nanomaterials also function as nanozymes and exhibit peroxidase and Fenton-like catalytic activity within tumor cells while displaying superoxide dismutase-like activity in normal cells. Additionally, their intrinsic catalytic properties facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species and enhance the anticancer efficacy. Hence, this review provides an in-depth examination of the structural properties, surface modifications, and atomic defects in MoS₂ nanozymes, highlighting strategies to optimize their photothermal efficiency and biocompatibility. We also explore the mechanisms of action, therapeutic outcomes, and the challenges associated with MoS₂-based nanozymes. The synergistic action of nanozymes supports their use in cancer PTT while preventing bacterial infections, highlighting the potential of MoS₂ as a multifunctional therapeutic agent. Finally, the review outlines future directions and the potential for integrating MoS₂ nanozymes into synergistic cancer treatments.

近年来，基于二硫化钼（molybdenum disulfide，MoS₂）的纳米酶（nanozymes）在提升癌症光热治疗（photothermal therapy，PTT）疗效方面展现出巨大应用潜力。二维二硫化钼具备诸多独特性质：高比表面积、良好的生物相容性、近红外区高光热转换效率、催化活性，以及可通过表面修饰实现靶向癌症治疗的能力，使其成为基于光热治疗的联合疗法的理想候选材料。二硫化钼基纳米材料同样可作为纳米酶发挥作用，在肿瘤细胞内表现出过氧化物酶及类芬顿催化活性，而在正常细胞中则展现出超氧化物歧化酶样活性。此外，其固有的催化特性可促进活性氧的生成，进而提升抗癌疗效。有鉴于此，本综述对二硫化钼纳米酶的结构特性、表面修饰手段及原子缺陷进行了深入剖析，重点阐述了优化其光热效率与生物相容性的相关策略。同时，本文还探讨了二硫化钼基纳米酶的作用机制、治疗效果以及其所面临的相关挑战。纳米酶的协同作用使其可用于癌症光热治疗的同时还能预防细菌感染，这进一步凸显了二硫化钼作为多功能治疗制剂的应用潜力。最后，本综述展望了未来的研究方向，以及将二硫化钼纳米酶应用于联合癌症治疗的潜在前景。