Il tempo e lo spazio nel Vocabolario dei dialetti salentini di Gerhard Rohlfs

The scholarly activity of Gerhard Rohlfs represents an indispensable legacy for all scholars of Romance languages. His most important works are dictionaries and linguistic studies on the regions of Calabria, Apulia and Lucania, together with his Historische Grammatik der italienischen Sprache und ihrer Mundarten (1949-1954), translated and published in Italian during the following decade with the title Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti (1966-1969). The importance of these contributions lies in a) the fact that they have provided excellent dictionaries and linguistic studies on the regions of Southern Italy, attracting renewed attention of scholars towards the linguistic history of Southern Italy; b) the author's extraordinary ability to establish an extremely fruitful and direct contact with those strata of Italian society that have usually remained alien to any dialogue with university culture (Varvaro 1991, p. 141); c) a way of research which combines the historical-comparative method of neogrammatic descent with geolinguistic research (Tomasin 2017, p. 163). In this regard, the present contribution will draw a compendium of the experiences and factors that have helped shape the composite research profile of Gerhard Rohlfs, who, between tradition and innovation, has managed to earn the esteem and gratitude of generations of scholars, attract criticism, and to fuel important - but necessary - debates. Starting from these premises, we will trace the contribution of field research and linguistic geography in the genesis and structure of the Vocabolario dei Dialetti Salentini, a monumental lexicographical work that, sixty years after its publication, remains an unsurpassed point of reference in the history of Apulian lexicography.

格哈德·勒尔夫斯（Gerhard Rohlfs）的学术成果，堪称所有罗曼语（Romance languages）研究者不可或缺的学术遗产。他的代表性学术成果包括针对卡拉布里亚、普利亚与卢卡尼亚地区的词典编纂与语言学研究，以及其德文著作《意大利语及其方言历史语法》（*Historische Grammatik der italienischen Sprache und ihrer Mundarten*，1949-1954）；该书于后续十年间被译为意大利语出版，定名为《意大利语及其方言历史语法》（*Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti*，1966-1969）。这些学术贡献的重要性体现在三个维度：其一，它们为南意大利地区提供了高质量的词典与语言学研究成果，重新唤起学界对南意大利语言史的关注；其二，作者具备非凡的沟通能力，能够与那些通常与大学学术文化鲜有交集的意大利社会阶层建立极具成效的直接联系（Varvaro 1991，第141页）；其三，他的研究方法融合了新语法学派的历史比较法与地理语言学研究路径（Tomasin 2017，第163页）。基于此，本文将梳理塑造格哈德·勒尔夫斯复合型研究风貌的各类经验与影响因素；勒尔夫斯在传统与创新之间找到了平衡，既赢得了历代学者的敬重与感激，也招致了批评，并催生了重要且必要的学术争论。基于上述前提，本文将探讨实地调研与语言地理学在《萨伦蒂诺方言词典》（*Vocabolario dei Dialetti Salentini*）的成书与体例构建中所发挥的作用；这部鸿篇巨制的词典编纂作品在出版六十年后的今天，仍是普利亚词典编纂史上无可匹敌的权威参考。