Dataset of Winter Water Supply and Resource Input Monitoring for the Lithium-Rich Zabuye Salt Lake, Xizang

This data set records the measured data of winter water volume and resource input monitoring for 11 main recharge rivers of Xizang Zabuye Fuli Salt Lake in November 2025. The monitoring area is located in Zhongba County, Xizang Autonomous Region, with geographical coordinates between 31 ° 27'N-31 ° 34'N and 83 ° 57'E-84 ° 15'E, and the lake elevation is about 4422m. The data collection period is concentrated from November 1st to November 2nd, 2025, representing the typical hydrological characteristics of the winter dry season in the region. The generation of the dataset combines high-precision physical measurements with laboratory chemical analysis. The physical measurement adopts synchronous comparison method, using equipment including FlowTracker2 handheld acoustic Doppler current meter (ADV) and traditional hydrological testing buoy. The flow meter measurement adopts the "0.6 method", which measures the point flow velocity at 0.6 times the depth of the vertical line to characterize the average flow velocity of the vertical line. The spacing between sections varies from 20cm to 50cm depending on the river channel conditions; The buoy rule estimates surface flow velocity by measuring the time it takes for the buoy to pass through a 3-meter or 5-meter fixed length river section; The chemical analysis data of water samples were provided by the Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. The main elements such as lithium (Li) and boron (B) were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and trace elements such as rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The dataset is composed of. xlx. tables and contains 40 sets of core data, including flow rate, flow velocity, hydrochemical composition, and classification correction factors. The table records river names (such as Chabuye Island Spring Water Group, Luoju Zangbu, etc.), average river depth (m), river width (m), average flow velocity (m/s) and average flow rate (m3/s) measured by Doppler current meter, average flow velocity and flow rate measured by float method, and converted annual winter flow rate (107m3/a). In addition, the chemical analysis table provides a detailed list of the mass concentrations (mg/L) of Li, Rb, Cs and other elements at each sampling point. The accompanying. png file visually displays the three-dimensional flow velocity structure and resource element contribution rate distribution of each river section. To ensure data reliability, strict quality control measures were implemented during the collection process.During the measurement process of Doppler flowmeter, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is controlled above 10dB, the standard deviation threshold is set at 0.01m/s, and the peak threshold is controlled within 10%. The hydrochemical analysis is validated using the Charge Balance Error Method (CBE) to ensure that the relative deviation of charge balance for all valid samples is less than or equal to 5%. Based on actual measurement data, this dataset proposes for the first time a classification flow correction coefficient for salt lake recharge rivers on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau: 0.62 for Quanji River and 0.97 for mountain rivers, providing a scientific benchmark for calibrating historical buoy method data. Due to extreme outdoor environments, this dataset currently only includes measured data from November, and lacks a comparison between the summer peak period and the spring snowmelt period. It is recommended to combine regional seasonal hydrological models for comprehensive evaluation when using it.

本数据集记录了2025年11月西藏扎布耶富盐湖（Xizang Zabuye Fuli Salt Lake）11条主要补给河流的冬季径流量与资源输入监测实测数据。监测区域位于西藏自治区仲巴县，地理坐标介于31°27′N—31°34′N、83°57′E—84°15′E，湖面海拔约4422米。数据采集时段集中于2025年11月1日至11月2日，可表征该区域冬季枯水期的典型水文特征。本数据集的生成结合了高精度物理实测与实验室化学分析手段。物理实测采用同步对比法，所用设备包括FlowTracker2手持声学多普勒流速仪（ADV）与传统水文测流浮标。流速仪测量采用“0.6法”，即测量垂线水深0.6倍位置的点流速，以表征垂线平均流速。测流断面间距根据河道条件介于20厘米至50厘米不等；浮标法则通过测量浮标经过3米或5米固定长度河段的耗时，估算水面流速。水样的化学分析数据由中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所提供。锂（Li）、硼（B）等常量元素采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定，铷（Rb）、铯（Cs）等微量元素采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定。本数据集由.xlx格式表格组成，包含40组核心数据，涵盖径流量、流速、水化学组成及分类校正系数。表格记录了河流名称（如查布耶岛泉水群、洛久藏布等）、多普勒流速仪测得的河道平均水深（m）、河宽（m）、平均流速（m/s）与平均径流量（m³/s）、浮标法测得的平均流速与径流量，以及换算后的冬季年径流量（10^7 m³/a）。此外，水化学分析表格详细列出了各采样点锂（Li）、铷（Rb）、铯（Cs）等元素的质量浓度（mg/L）。配套的.png格式可视化文件直观展示了各测流断面的三维流速结构与资源元素贡献率分布。为保障数据可靠性，数据采集过程中实施了严格的质量控制措施。在多普勒流速仪测量过程中，信噪比（SNR）需控制在10dB以上，标准差阈值设为0.01m/s，峰值阈值控制在10%以内。水化学分析采用电荷平衡误差法（Charge Balance Error Method, CBE）进行验证，确保所有有效样品的电荷平衡相对偏差≤5%。基于实测数据，本数据集首次提出了青藏高原盐湖补给河流的分类径流量校正系数：泉河类校正系数为0.62，山地河流类校正系数为0.97，可为历史浮标法测得的径流量数据校准提供科学基准。由于户外环境极端严苛，本数据集目前仅包含11月的实测数据，缺乏夏季汛期与春季融雪期的对比数据。使用本数据集时，建议结合区域季节性水文模型开展综合评估。