Genome-Based in silico Evaluation of the Biosafety and Probiotic Traits of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23 Isolated from Artisanal Mexican Cheese

Comprehensive in silico analysis aimed to identify the genes involved in the biosafety and probiotic features of Limosilactobacillus fermentum J23 was performed. The strain had a single circular chromosome of 2,004,882 base pairs (bp), with a Guanine + Cytosine (G + C) content of 51.74%. The chromosome contained 2,001 genes predicted as protein-coding sequences (CDS), 86 pseudogenes, 56 tRNAs, five rRNAs, and three ncRNAs. The in silico analysis demonstrated the absence of risk-related genes corresponding to transferable/acquirable antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, toxic metabolites, and detrimental metabolic/enzymatic activities. The strain was predicted as nonpathogenic to humans and the presence of a variety of genes potentially related to its probiotic profile were revealed, including those of carbohydrate metabolism and transport, adhesion and aggregation ability, stress/adaptive response, CRISPR/Cas adaptive immunity, and immunomodulation. These findings highlight the probiotic potential of L. fermentum J23 and provide genomic clues of its biosafety to advance its future applications.

本研究针对发酵乳杆菌（Limosilactobacillus fermentum）J23的生物安全性与益生特性相关基因开展了全面的计算机模拟分析（in silico analysis）。该菌株包含一条长度为2004882个碱基对（base pairs，简称bp）的环状单染色体，其鸟嘌呤（G）与胞嘧啶（C）总含量为51.74%。该染色体共包含2001个预测为蛋白质编码序列（protein-coding sequences，简称CDS）的基因、86个假基因、56个转运RNA（transfer RNA，简称tRNA）、5个核糖体RNA（ribosomal RNA，简称rRNA）以及3个非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，简称ncRNA）。本次计算机模拟分析结果显示，该菌株不存在与可转移/可获得性抗生素抗性、毒力因子、毒性代谢产物以及有害代谢/酶活性相关的风险基因。预测该菌株对人类无致病性，同时本分析揭示了多种与其益生特性潜在相关的基因，包括参与碳水化合物代谢与转运、黏附与聚集能力、应激/适应性应答、CRISPR/Cas适应性免疫以及免疫调节的相关基因。上述研究结果凸显了发酵乳杆菌J23的益生潜力，并为其生物安全性提供了基因组层面的依据，可为其未来的应用开发提供支撑。