Mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties are improved with probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in rats chronically exposed to passive smoking: a randomized pre-clinical study

ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoke in large centers is one of the most important causes of chronic inflammatory diseases in public health and is associated with a decrease in bone mass, consolidation process, and bone remodeling. Due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms, dietary supplementation with functional foods may contribute to improvement in bone quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional, probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic food supplementation on mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties of rats in the growth phase, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (T).Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=8): control (C) [standard diet (SD)]; probiotic (Pro) [SD + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum) (2-5 109 UFC each)]; prebiotic (Pre) [SD+ prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)]; symbiotic (Sym) (SD + probiotic + prebiotic); control smoking (SC) [(SD + exposure protocol to passive smoking (PS)]; probiotic smoking (ProS) (SD + probiotic + PS); prebiotic smoking (PreS) (SD + prebiotic + PS), and symbiotic smoking (SymS)(SD + prebiotic + probiotic + PS). The animals were euthanized after 189 days of the experimental protocol. Results showed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics significantly improved (P<0.05) the parameters: P, Ca, Mg, BMD, BMC, strength, resilience, and size of area of the femoral diaphysis of the animals chronically exposed or not cigarette smoke. We concluded that functional food supplementation improved the bone health of rats chronically exposed or not to cigarette smoke.

摘要：大型公共场所的香烟烟雾是公共卫生领域慢性炎症性疾病的最重要诱因之一，且与骨量下降、骨愈合过程及骨重塑过程密切相关。功能性食品膳食补充剂因可改善肠道吸收能力并拮抗病原微生物，或有助于提升骨质量。因此，本研究旨在评估功能性、益生菌（probiotic）、益生元（prebiotic）及合生元（symbiotic）食品补充剂对慢性暴露于香烟烟雾的生长发育期大鼠的骨矿物组成、组织形态计量学及骨生物力学特性的影响（实验组T）。
将64只幼年雄性大鼠随机分为8组（每组n=8）：对照组（C）[饲喂标准饲料（standard diet，SD）]；益生菌组（Pro）[SD+益生菌（嗜酸乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜热双歧杆菌及长双歧杆菌），每株菌剂量为2~5×10⁹ UFC]；益生元组（Pre）[SD+益生元（甘露寡糖）]；合生元组（Sym）[SD+益生菌+益生元]；被动吸烟对照组（SC）[SD+被动吸烟（passive smoking，PS）暴露方案]；益生菌+被动吸烟组（ProS）[SD+益生菌+PS]；益生元+被动吸烟组（PreS）[SD+益生元+PS]；合生元+被动吸烟组（SymS）[SD+益生元+益生菌+PS]。
实验方案实施189天后，对所有大鼠实施安乐死。结果显示，无论大鼠是否慢性暴露于香烟烟雾，补充益生菌、益生元及合生元均可显著改善（P<0.05）以下参数：磷（P）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、骨密度（bone mineral density，BMD）、骨矿含量（bone mineral content，BMC）、股骨骨干强度、韧性及横截面积。本研究结论为：无论是否慢性暴露于香烟烟雾，功能性食品补充剂均可改善大鼠的骨健康状况。