Minimizing Data Loss in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - Experiments data

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a preferred wireless protocol for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) due to its low energy consumption and wide adoption. However, when BLE is accessed via the Web Bluetooth API, it faces challenges such as packet loss, limited control over connection parameters, and restricted throughput.This thesis aims to evaluate the reliability of BLE communication using the Web Bluetooth API and to propose application-layer solutions to reduce packet loss, improve latency, and maintain stable long-term connections in industrial monitoring contexts.An empirical experimental approach was used, involving three sequential experiments that tested different BLE configurations. These included the use of parallel transmission modules, varying data transmission intervals, and timestamp-based packet handling. Performance metrics such as packet loss and jitter were analyzed.Results showed that using two BLE modules in parallel reduced packet loss to zero and minimized jitter. A transmission interval of 2 Hz provided the best trade-off between performance and stability across all packet sizes. Application layer strategies improved connection reliability without requiring hardware level changes.The study shows that BLE communication over the Web Bluetooth API can be stabilized through application-level techniques, enabling real-time and reliable IIoT data transmission with now hardware modification needed.蓝牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE）凭借低功耗特性与广泛的应用普及度，成为工业物联网（Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT）领域的首选无线通信协议。然而，当通过Web蓝牙API（Web Bluetooth API）访问BLE时，会面临数据包丢失、连接参数控制受限以及吞吐量受限等诸多挑战。本论文旨在评估基于Web蓝牙API的BLE通信可靠性，并针对工业监测场景提出应用层解决方案，以降低数据包丢包率、优化延迟并维持稳定的长期连接。本研究采用实证实验方法，开展三组递进式实验以测试不同的BLE配置方案，包括并行传输模块的应用、可变数据传输间隔设置以及基于时间戳的数据包处理机制。研究分析了数据包丢包率、抖动等核心性能指标。实验结果显示，采用双BLE模块并行传输可将丢包率降至零，并将抖动降至最低水平；传输间隔设为2Hz时，在所有数据包尺寸下均能实现性能与稳定性的最优平衡。应用层策略无需更改硬件层级配置即可提升连接可靠性。本研究证实，通过应用层技术即可稳定基于Web蓝牙API的BLE通信，无需修改硬件即可实现实时且可靠的工业物联网数据传输。