Labour Force Survey, September 2012 [Canada] [Rebased 2025]

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) provides estimates of employment and unemployment which are among the most timely and important measures of the performance of the Canadian economy. With the release of the survey results only 10 days after data are collected, the LFS is the first of Statistics Canada’s major monthly economic reports to be released. The methodology of the LFS is optimized to produce reliable information about month-to-month changes in key labour market indicators, such as the employment and unemployment rates.<br><br>Statistics Canada has an established history of applying a standard revision to its LFS estimates following the release of final population estimates from the most recent census. Data are revised to adopt the most recent geography, industry and occupation classifications; to take advantage of recent observations to fine-tune seasonal adjustment factors; or to introduce methodological enhancements. These revisions ensure that survey estimates accurately reflect the Canadian labour market, while having minimal impact on the comparability of labour market indicators, such as employment, unemployment, and participation rates over time. Updates made as part of this revision maintain coherence in the estimates of month-to-month and year-over-year changes.<br><br>The purpose of this document is to explain each of the revisions implemented in January 2025. It should be noted that these changes do not involve modifications to the questionnaire nor to the survey content. The following is a summary of each change:<ul><br><li><b>Population rebasing</b>: Until December 2024, the series of labour force estimates had been based on population control totals, derived from 2016 Census data (adjusted for net undercoverage). As of January 2025, the estimates have been adjusted to reflect population data from the 2021 Census and its coverage studies.</li><li><b>Geographical boundaries</b>: Census metropolitan areas (CMAs), economic regions (ERs), census agglomerations (CAs), and census subdivisions (CSDs) are now based on Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2021 - Volume I, The Classification. With this change, six new CMAs have been added (Fredericton, New Brunswick; Drummondville, Quebec; Red Deer, Alberta; Kamloops, Chilliwack, and Nanaimo, British Columbia). Boundaries for Employment Insurance Economic Regions (EIERs) remain unchanged. These new geographic areas are used starting from January 2011.</li><li><b>Gender</b>: To align with the departmental standard Classification of gender, LFS estimates now incorporate the concept of gender, which was introduced in the 2021 Census of Population and added to the LFS questionnaire in January 2022. As such, LFS data are based on sex of person up to December 2021 and gender of person from January 2022 onward. Although gender and sex at birth are two different concepts, this change does not cause a significant break in the trend because the two concepts produce very similar distributions. All data products from the LFS now adopt the term “gender” for all years and periods.</li><li><b>Industry and occupation classification update</b>: The LFS now uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2022 Version 1.0. Improvements were also made to the historical coding of occupation using National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 Version 1.0. These changes have minimal impact on estimates in published data tables and are primarily observed in the microdata and some custom tabulations. Revisions were extended back to 1987 for industry and 1998 for occupation.</li><li>Updates to landing month variable for immigrants.</li></ul>

劳动力调查（Labour Force Survey, LFS）提供就业与失业情况的估算数据，是衡量加拿大经济表现最及时且关键的指标之一。由于数据采集完成后仅需10天即可发布调查结果，LFS是加拿大统计局（Statistics Canada）旗下首批发布的主要月度经济报告。该调查的方法体系经过优化，可针对劳动力市场关键指标（如就业率与失业率）的月度变化生成可靠信息。<br><br>加拿大统计局有着成熟的惯例：在最新人口普查的最终人口估算发布后，会对LFS估算数据进行标准修订。修订工作涵盖采用最新的地理、行业与职业分类标准，利用最新观测数据微调季节调整因子，或是引入方法学层面的优化改进。此类修订可确保调查估算结果准确反映加拿大劳动力市场现状，同时尽可能降低就业、失业、劳动参与率等劳动力市场指标跨期比较的影响。本次修订带来的更新还将维持月度变化与同比变化估算的一致性。<br><br>本文件旨在说明2025年1月实施的各项修订内容。需注意，本次变更未涉及调查问卷或调查内容的调整。以下为各项变更的摘要：<ul><br><li><b>人口基准调整</b>：截至2024年12月，劳动力估算序列的编制基础为基于2016年人口普查数据（经净覆盖不足情况调整）得出的人口控制总量。自2025年1月起，估算数据已调整为采用2021年人口普查及其覆盖性研究的人口数据。</li><li><b>地理边界</b>：普查都会区（Census Metropolitan Areas, CMAs）、经济区域（Economic Regions, ERs）、普查集聚地（Census Agglomerations, CAs）与普查分区（Census Subdivisions, CSDs）现采用《标准地理分类（SGC）2021 第一卷：分类》。本次变更新增6个普查都会区，分别为新不伦瑞克省弗雷德里克顿、魁北克省德拉蒙德维尔、阿尔伯塔省雷德迪尔，以及不列颠哥伦比亚省的坎卢普斯、奇利瓦克和纳奈莫。就业保险经济区域（Employment Insurance Economic Regions, EIERs）的边界保持不变。上述新地理区域自2011年1月起启用。</li><li><b>性别维度调整</b>：为与部门标准性别分类保持一致，LFS估算数据现已纳入性别概念——该概念于2021年人口普查中首次引入，并于2022年1月加入LFS调查问卷。因此，2021年12月及之前的LFS数据基于受访者的出生性别，2022年1月及之后的数据则基于受访者的性别。尽管性别与出生性别是两个不同概念，但由于二者的分布特征高度相似，本次变更并未造成趋势的显著断裂。目前LFS的所有数据产品已统一将所有年份和时期的表述改为“性别”。</li><li><b>行业与职业分类更新</b>：LFS现已采用《加拿大2022年北美行业分类系统（NAICS）2022 Version 1.0》。同时，针对职业的历史编码也进行了优化，采用《2021年国家职业分类（National Occupational Classification, NOC）2021 Version 1.0》。此类变更对已发布数据表中的估算数据影响极小，主要体现在微观数据与部分自定义制表中。行业分类的修订回溯至1987年，职业分类的修订回溯至1998年。</li><li>移民入境月份变量更新。</li></ul>