Hurricanes Florence and Michael summary.

The severity of hurricanes, and thus the associated impacts, is changing over time. One of the understudied threats from damage caused by hurricanes is the potential for cross-contamination of water bodies with pathogens in coastal agricultural regions. Using microbiological data collected after hurricanes Florence and Michael, this study shows a dichotomy in the presence of pathogens in coastal North Carolina and Florida. Salmonella typhimurium was abundant in water samples collected in the regions dominated by swine farms. A drastic decrease in Enterococcus spp. in Carolinas is indicative of pathogen removal with flooding waters. Except for the abundance presence of Salmonella typhimurium, no significant changes in pathogens were observed after Hurricane Michael in the Florida panhandle. We argue that a comprehensive assessment of pathogens must be included in decision-making activities in the immediate aftermath of hurricanes to build resilience against risks of pathogenic exposure in rural agricultural and human populations in vulnerable locations.飓风的强度及其连带影响正随时间推移发生变化。飓风造成的破坏中，有一类尚未得到充分研究的威胁，即沿海农业区域的水体存在遭受病原体交叉污染的风险。本研究依托飓风弗洛伦斯（Florence）与迈克尔（Michael）灾后采集的微生物学数据，发现北卡罗来纳州沿海与佛罗里达州沿海的病原体存在情况呈现出显著的二分差异。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella typhimurium）在以生猪养殖场为主的区域采集的水样中大量富集。卡罗来纳州境内的肠球菌属（Enterococcus spp.）物种丰度大幅下降，这一现象表明洪水起到了清除病原体的作用。除鼠伤寒沙门氏菌大量存在外，佛罗里达狭长地带（Florida panhandle）在飓风迈克尔过境后未观测到病原体出现显著变化。我们认为，在飓风灾后的应急决策工作中，必须纳入病原体的全面评估流程，以提升脆弱区域农村农业从业者与居民抵御病原体暴露风险的能力。