Epidemiological profile and visual improvement after cataract surgery performed at a reference ophthalmological hospital in Santos

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the epidemiological profile and visual benefit of the patient using the Unified Health System after cataract surgery. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study with the analysis of medical records, between October and November 2020. We included 573 eyes of 319 patients that were selected for cataract surgery. Gender, age, cataract classification, pre-and post-surgery corrected acuity, smoking, presence of comorbidities, and previous ocular alterations were analyzed. Results Of the cataract surgeries performed, the mean age was 70.5 years (±7.1%), with a prevalence of 57.1% (n=182) in women; 13.8% (n= 44) were smokers. Systemic arterial hypertension was the most recurrent comorbidity, present in 65.8% (n=210), and glaucoma was the most common ocular alteration in 57% (n=45) of the cases. As for cataract classification, nuclear cataract was manifested in 71.9% (n=412). Visual acuity was evaluated by the logMAR scale, and counting fingers and hand motion were given the value of 3. Mean visual acuity before surgery was 0.7 with an SD of 0.9 and, after surgery, of 0.1, with an SD of 0.3, which was statistically significant. Conclusion Knowledge of the epidemiological profile and visual benefit after cataract surgery allows us to identify risk groups and the importance of the procedure to improve the quality of life. Public actions must be implemented to increase the number of projects that aim to reduce the number of cataracts, since it is the main cause of reversible blindness in the world, interfering with the daily life of the population.

摘要

目的 明确接受白内障手术且使用统一健康系统（Unified Health System）的患者的流行病学特征与视觉获益情况。

方法 本研究为描述性、横断面回顾性研究，分析2020年10月至11月期间的病历资料。共纳入319例患者的573只眼，所有受试者均接受白内障手术。研究分析的指标包括患者性别、年龄、白内障分型、术前及术后矫正视力、吸烟史、合并症情况以及既往眼部病变史。

结果 本研究纳入的白内障手术患者平均年龄为70.5岁（±7.1%），女性占比57.1%（n=182）；吸烟者占比13.8%（n=44）。系统性动脉高血压为最常见的合并症，检出率达65.8%（n=210）；青光眼为最常见的既往眼部病变，占比57%（n=45）。白内障分型方面，核性白内障占比71.9%（n=412）。视力评估采用logMAR（对数最小分辨角）视力表，数指与手动视力对应的logMAR值为3。术前平均视力为0.7（标准差SD=0.9），术后平均视力降至0.1（标准差SD=0.3），组间差异具有统计学意义。

结论 明确白内障术后患者的流行病学特征与视觉获益情况，有助于识别高危人群，并明确该手术对改善患者生活质量的重要价值。应出台公共卫生举措，推广旨在降低白内障发病率的相关项目——白内障作为全球首位可逆性致盲病因，严重影响民众的日常生活与健康。