SPORTS KNEE JOINT INJURY IN SKI TRAINING AND ITS PREVENTION

ABSTRACT Introduction Ski training presents the high ability of athletes and strong demand on the physical conditioning of the knee joint, which is frequently injured. Objective Study the sports injuries of the knee joint in ski training and explore its preventive measures. Methods The interview method was used with ski instructors, enthusiasts, and athletes by questionnaire with design and distribution of topics related to the occurrence of injuries. Sport injury factors are discussed internally and externally. Preventive measures and protective equipment for knee sports injuries are presented. Results Currently, the proportion of serious sports injuries to the knee joint is relatively high, and problems such as collision are the most common injury factors, and differences exist between male and female athletes. Among the causes of injury, the highest-scoring technical factor for injury was “deviation from technical movements”, and the highest-scoring preventive measures were “strength training for vulnerable parts” and “sufficient preparation for activities”. Conclusion The instructors should provide effective training programs according to the actual situation of the athletes, pay attention to monitoring the skiing environment, and recommend the appropriate protective equipment for the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

摘要
引言 滑雪训练对运动员的竞技能力要求极高，且对膝关节的体能储备需求显著，而膝关节也是滑雪运动中极易受伤的部位。目的 探讨滑雪训练中的膝关节运动损伤问题，并探究其预防措施。方法 本研究结合访谈法与问卷调查法，针对滑雪教练员、滑雪爱好者及运动员群体，设计并发放与损伤发生相关的调研问卷；从内、外两个维度分析运动损伤的影响因素，并梳理膝关节运动损伤的预防策略与防护装备方案。结果 当前膝关节重度运动损伤的占比相对较高，碰撞等情况是最常见的损伤诱因，且男女运动员的损伤情况存在差异。在损伤诱因中，得分最高的技术类损伤因素为"技术动作偏差"；而得分最高的预防措施为"薄弱部位力量训练"与"充分的活动准备"。结论 教练员应结合运动员的实际情况制定针对性训练计划，加强对滑雪环境的监测，并为运动员推荐适配的运动防护装备。本研究证据等级为II级；属于治疗性研究——治疗效果相关调查。