Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Consumer price indexes (CPIs) are index numbers that measure changes in the prices of goods and services purchased or otherwise acquired by households, which households use directly, or indirectly, to satisfy their own needs and wants. In practice, most CPIs are calculated as weighted averages of the percentage price changes for a specified set, or ‘‘basket’’, of consumer products, the weights reflecting their relative importance in household consumption in some period. CPIs are widely used to index pensions and social security benefits. CPIs are also used to index other payments, such as interest payments or rents, or the prices of bonds. CPIs are also commonly used as a proxy for the general rate of inflation, even though they measure only consumer inflation. They are used by some governments or central banks to set inflation targets for purposes of monetary policy. The price data collected for CPI purposes can also be used to compile other indices, such as the price indices used to deflate household consumption expenditures in national accounts, or the purchasing power parities used to compare real levels of consumption in different countries.

In an effort to further coordinate and harmonize the collection of CPI data, the international organizations agreed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) would assume responsibility for the international collection and dissemination of national CPI data. Under this data collection initiative, countries are reporting the aggregate all items index; more detailed indexes and weights for 12 subgroups of consumption expenditure (according to the so-called COICOP-classification), and detailed metadata. These detailed data represent a valuable resource for data users throughout the world and this portal would not be possible without the ongoing cooperation of all reporting countries. In this effort, the OECD collects and validates the data for their member countries, including accession and key partner countries, whereas the IMF takes care of the collection of data for all other countries.

居民消费价格指数（Consumer Price Indexes，CPIs）是用于衡量家庭直接或间接用于满足自身需求的商品与服务的价格变动幅度的指数。实际操作中，多数CPI通过对指定消费商品“篮子”的价格变动百分比进行加权平均计算得出，权重反映了特定时期内各项商品与服务在家庭消费中的相对重要性。CPI被广泛用于为养老金及社会保障福利进行指数化调整，同时也可用于调整利息支付、租金等其他支付项或债券的价格。尽管CPI仅衡量消费者物价通胀，但它常被用作一般通货膨胀率的替代指标。部分国家政府或中央银行还会以CPI为依据设定通胀目标，用于制定货币政策。为编制CPI所采集的价格数据，还可用于编制其他指数，例如国民账户中用于平减居民消费支出的价格指数，或是用于比较不同国家实际消费水平的购买力平价。

为进一步协调统一CPI数据的采集工作，国际组织达成共识，由国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund，IMF）与经济合作与发展组织（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development，OECD）承担全球各国CPI数据的收集与发布职责。根据此项数据采集倡议，各报送国需提交总项所有商品指数、依据个人消费支出分类（COICOP）标准划分的12个消费支出子类的细分指数及对应权重，以及详细元数据。这些细分数据为全球各地的数据分析用户提供了宝贵资源，本数据门户的运行离不开所有报送国家的持续协作。在此框架下，OECD负责收集并核验其成员国（包括准成员国及主要伙伴国）的相关数据，而IMF则负责收集其余所有国家的CPI数据。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含全球多个经济体的消费者价格指数（CPI），涵盖总指数、分类指数（如食品、服装等）、权重及其对通货膨胀的贡献，并包括欧洲的协调消费者价格指数（HICP）。CPI用于衡量家庭购买的商品和服务价格随时间的变化，帮助监测通货膨胀和经济趋势。数据由国际货币基金组织（IMF）提供，更新至2026年5月21日。