Affonso de Taunay and the two versions of the map of d. Luis de Céspedes Xeria (1628)

ABSTRACT The following paper aims to deepen the studies about the map of the travel made by D. Luis de Céspedes Xeria from the town of São Paulo de Piratininga to the Ciudad Real de Guayrá, in the Province of Paraguay, in 1628. For this, we used primary sources such as the manuscripts of the De Angelis Collection, kept in the National Library in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the manuscripts of the Archivo General de Indias, in Seville, including the extensive written documentation and, specially, the two available versions of the cartographic document made by Céspedes Xeria, in 1628. We then compared the copy commissioned by Affonso d’Escragnolle Taunay, in 1917, with both of the seventeenth-century remaining originals, concluding for its fidelity to one of them. In addition, we analyzed the cartographic representations of the settlements represented in the map, which aroused, in 1938, public discussions between Taunay and Benedito Carneiro Bastos Barreto, also known as Belmonte, coming up to the conclusion that all of them are cartographic symbols or standardized icons rather than representations based on the appearance of the buildings such as they were when they were visited by Céspedes Xeria in the first half of the seventeenth century. During this process it was possible to distinguish two different moments of the historian Taunay: the first, his concerning for fidelity in copying documents; and the second, a plasticity of interpretation in the moment of analyze and use these same documents.摘要 本论文旨在深化对1628年路易斯·德·塞斯佩德斯·谢里亚（D. Luis de Céspedes Xeria）从皮拉廷加的圣保罗镇（São Paulo de Piratininga）前往巴拉圭省圭拉雷亚尔城（Ciudad Real de Guayrá）的旅行地图的相关研究。为此，我们采用了藏于里约热内卢国家图书馆的德安赫利斯馆藏（De Angelis Collection）手稿、塞维利亚印度群岛总档案馆（Archivo General de Indias）的手稿等原始史料，其中涵盖了大量书面文献，尤其包括塞斯佩德斯·谢里亚于1628年绘制的两份现存制图文献版本。随后，我们将1917年由阿方索·德·埃斯克拉尼奥勒·托内伊（Affonso d’Escragnolle Taunay）委托制作的副本，与两份17世纪留存的原稿进行比对，最终认定该副本与其中一份原稿高度契合。此外，我们还分析了地图中所绘定居点的制图表现形式——这些表现在1938年引发了托内伊与贝内迪托·卡内罗·巴斯托斯·巴雷托（Benedito Carneiro Bastos Barreto，别名贝尔蒙特（Belmonte））之间的公开讨论——并得出结论：所有此类表现形式均为制图符号或标准化图标，而非基于17世纪上半叶塞斯佩德斯·谢里亚实地考察时的建筑原貌绘制。在此研究过程中，我们得以厘清历史学家托内伊的两种不同治学面向：其一，他对文献复制保真度的严谨追求；其二，他在分析与利用这些文献时所展现出的阐释灵活性。