EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND TEACHERS’ ILLNESSES: ANALYSIS OF LEAVES FROM THE TEACHERS OF THE PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM OF MINAS GERAIS’ STATE

ABSTRACT: This article tackles the health leaves from the basic education Teachers of the Public Education System of the State of Minas Gerais according to their legal employment contracts (either permanent or temporary designation), between 2016 and 2018. It is a study case carried out by means of document and quantitative research (descriptive analysis of data), as well as interviews. Curiously, the conclusion is that temporary teachers take fewer leaves than permanent teachers. However, their leaves are substantially longer. A fast analysis of this fact could deduce that, contrary to the early hypothesis of the study, the effective teachers fall ill more than the designated teachers. However, in this article, it is argued that this is, in fact, a strong indication that the designated teachers develop more severe illnesses than the effective teachers. In terms, this collaborates with the initial hypothesis of this study. The results indicate the development of illnesses in teachers performing their jobs and issue an important warning regarding the use of the temporary designation contracts, which was declared partially unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.摘要：本文聚焦巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州（Minas Gerais）公共教育体系内基础教育教师的病假休假情况，研究时段为2016至2018年，研究对象按合法雇佣合同类型分为长期聘用教师与临时聘任教师（temporary designation teachers）两类。本研究属于案例研究，采用文献研究、定量研究（含数据描述性分析）及访谈法开展。令人意外的是，研究结论显示临时聘任教师的病假休假频次低于长期聘用教师，但单次休假时长显著更长。若仅对该现象做初步分析，可能会得出与研究初始假设相悖的结论：正式教师的病假频次高于临时聘任教师。但本文论证指出，该现象实则有力表明：临时聘任教师所患疾病的严重程度显著高于正式教师，就此而言，该结果契合本研究的初始假设。研究结果证实了在职教师群体的疾病发生情况，并针对临时聘任合同（temporary designation contracts）的使用发出了重要警示——该类合同已被最高法院裁定部分违宪。