Not just flowering time: a resurrection approach shows floral attraction traits are changing over time

Contemporary anthropogenic changes in climate and landscape form a complex set of selective pressures acting on natural systems, yet, in many systems, we lack information about both whether and how organisms may adapt to these changes. In plants, research has focused on climate-induced changes in phenology and the resultant potential for disruption of plant-pollinator interactions, however, there remains a paucity of knowledge regarding how other pollinator-mediated traits may be involved in the adaptive response. Here, we use resurrection experiments to investigate the phenotypic basis of adaptation in a mixed-mating system plant, the common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Specifically, we measure temporal and spatial changes in traits grouped into three categories relevant to plant-pollinator interactions - floral morphology, floral rewards, and floral phenology. We show a significant temporal increase in corolla size and shift to earlier flowering times, as well as a potential for ..., This dataset includes a set of phenotypes measured directly from live plants growing in greenhouse conditions. There is information both about the natural populations from which seeds were collected (population name, year of collection, and latitude/longitude) as well as measurements of floral morphology (corolla length, corolla width, and anther-stigma distance), phenology (date of first flower), and floral rewards (sugar content in nectar and pollen counts) done in three separate resurrection experiments., Floral Morphology
This data file contains floral morphology data for 15 populations distributed in the SE United States and sampled in both 2012 and 2003. Latitude and longitude for each population are included as columns.
floralMorphology.csv
 
Phenology

This data file contains date of first flower data for 23 populations distributed in the SE United States and sampled in both 2012 and 2003. Latitude and longitude for each population are included as columns.
phenology.csv
 
Floral Rewards
There are two data files, one of which contains Brix scale measurements of sugar content in nectar and the other of which contains pollen counts. Both sets of data are taken from 4 populations in the SE United States sampled in both 2012 and 2003. There is missing data for flower color in the Brix dataset - all missing data is marked with \"na\". 
nectarBrix.csv, pollenCount.csv
 
R Code
R Code in markdown format plus two additional external scripts that are necessary for running t..., # Not just flowering time: A resurrection approach shows that floral attraction traits are changing over time

---

Four .csv data files

#### 1. floralMorphology

This dataset includes floral measurements from ~6 flowers/plant in a resurrection experiment done with Ipomoea purpurea (the common morning glory).
Seeds were collected from 15 populations in the SE United States at two time points, 2003 and 2012, and grown together in a common garden greenhouse experiment.
Floral measurements included are corolla width, corolla length, and the distance between the tallest anther and stigma.
Results show directional selection for increased corolla width over time, no change in corolla length over time, and balancing selection on anther-stigma distance.
Other information in the datasheet includes a population ID number, name, and location (latitude and longitude) for each population. Further results indicate differential selection across latitudes.

#### 2. phenology

This dataset includes phe...,

当代人类活动引发的气候与景观变化，对自然生态系统构成了一系列复杂的选择压力。然而在诸多生态系统中，我们仍不清楚生物是否能够适应此类变化，亦无从知晓其适应的具体路径。
针对植物的相关研究多聚焦于气候诱导的物候变化，以及由此引发的植物-传粉者互作中断风险，但对于其他受传粉者介导的性状如何参与适应性响应，目前仍知之甚少。
本研究以混合交配系统植物——普通牵牛花（Ipomoea purpurea）为研究对象，采用复活实验（resurrection experiment）探究其适应性的表型基础。具体而言，我们对与植物-传粉者互作相关的三类性状——花部形态（floral morphology）、花部报酬（floral rewards）及花部物候（floral phenology）——的时空变化进行了测定。
研究结果显示，花冠尺寸随时间显著增大，开花时间显著提前，且存在……相关潜力。本数据集包含了在温室条件下活体植株直接测定的一系列表型数据。
数据集涵盖了种子来源的自然种群信息（种群名称、采集年份、经纬度），以及三项独立复活实验中测定的花部形态指标（花冠长度、花冠宽度、花药-柱头间距）、物候指标（首花日期）和花部报酬指标（花蜜含糖量、花粉数量）。

### 花部形态（Floral Morphology）
本数据文件包含了美国东南部15个种群的花部形态数据，这些种群分别于2003年和2012年进行采样。数据文件中包含每个种群的经纬度信息列。
文件名为：floralMorphology.csv

 
### 花部物候（Floral Phenology）
本数据文件包含了美国东南部23个种群的首花日期数据，这些种群分别于2003年和2012年进行采样。数据文件中包含每个种群的经纬度信息列。
文件名为：phenology.csv

 
### 花部报酬（Floral Rewards）
本数据集包含两个数据文件：其一为花蜜含糖量的白利糖度（Brix scale）测定值，其二为花粉数量统计值。两组数据均来自美国东南部4个分别于2003年和2012年采样的种群。白利糖度数据集中存在花色相关的缺失值，所有缺失值均以"na"标记。
文件名为：nectarBrix.csv、pollenCount.csv

 
### R代码
包含Markdown格式的R代码，以及运行分析所需的两个额外外部脚本……
# 不止开花时间：复活实验揭示花部吸引性状随时间发生变化

---
四个CSV格式数据文件

#### 1. 花部形态数据集（floralMorphology）
本数据集包含普通牵牛花（Ipomoea purpurea）复活实验中每株植株约6朵花的花部测定数据。实验所用种子分别于2003年和2012年从美国东南部15个种群采集，并在统一的温室共同花园中栽培。
测定的花部指标包括花冠宽度、花冠长度以及最高花药与柱头的间距。
研究结果显示，花冠宽度随时间呈现定向选择趋势（即朝增大方向演化），花冠长度无显著时间变化，而花药-柱头间距则受到平衡选择作用。
数据集中还包含每个种群的种群ID、名称及地理位置（经纬度）信息。进一步分析结果表明，不同纬度的选择压力存在差异。

#### 2. 物候数据集（phenology）
本数据集包含……