Cuban National Chemistry Contest 2018

This contribution compiles the problems, solutions and results of the Cuban chemistry olympiad for high school students celebrated nationwide in 2018. The Cuban National Chemistry Contest (CNQ, Concurso Nacional de Química, official name in Spanish) is a yearly competition intended to stimulate high school students the study chemical sciences during their bachelor's. It is sponsored by the Cuban Ministry of Education (MINED, official acronym in Spanish). Tenth-, eleventh- and twelfth-graders (15-17 years old, on average) are welcome to participate. This event is preceded by the Municipal Contest at each high school and the Provincial Contest in every province of Cuba. Top winners of the latter are invited to participate in the national event. This Cuban chemistry olympiad takes place at the Vocational High School for Exact Sciences (IPVCE, official acronym in Spanish) in every province. It is organized as a two-day event in February or March every year. During the competition, the students try to solve two sets of theoretical or theoretical-practical problems elaborated by previous olympics and mentors. The qualification of the exams is performed in Havana by a tribunal integrated by selected teachers from all over the country. The highest scores are priced with gold, silver and bronze medals. Top winners can choose any career in science and the university they like the most to continue their studies with no need for additional requisites. In addition, they are part of the national pre-selection and are invited to Havana for a short training period. After a final selection round, the national team for the international chemistry olympiads is formed.
As a particularity of the 2018 national contest, the Faculty of Chemistry of the University of Havana designed the problems. In the contest, there were two theoretical problem sets following the same format employed in previous years. The first-day exam was intended for all grades (common problem set) and had four problems. The second-day exam consisted of individual problem sets containing three problems per grade. Herein, the problem sets are provided in the official Spanish versions and English translations. Also, for the first time, a booklet of Preparatory Problems was elaborated to guide the preparation of students and mentors. The booklet consisted of carefully selected tasks to exercise theoretical topics of advanced difficulty. The annexes compile the current version of the syllabus for the chemistry contest.

本数据集汇编了2018年全国性高中生古巴化学奥林匹克竞赛的赛题、解法与竞赛结果。古巴全国化学竞赛（Cuban National Chemistry Contest，缩写CNQ，西班牙语官方名称为Concurso Nacional de Química）是一项年度赛事，旨在激发高中生在中学阶段对化学科学的学习兴趣，由古巴教育部（西班牙语官方缩写为MINED）赞助举办。赛事面向十年级、十一年级及十二年级学生（平均年龄15至17岁）开放报名。本届赛事的选拔流程始于各中学内部的市级竞赛，随后是古巴各省份的省级竞赛；省级竞赛的优胜者将受邀参加全国赛。古巴化学奥林匹克竞赛的赛场设于各省份的精准科学职业高中（西班牙语官方缩写为IPVCE），通常于每年2月或3月举办，为期两天。竞赛期间，选手需完成两套由往届赛事组织者与指导教师拟定的理论或理论-实践结合型赛题。赛事阅卷工作由来自全国各地遴选的教师组成的评审团在哈瓦那完成。赛事将为成绩优异者颁发金、银、铜奖牌；成绩顶尖的选手可任选理工类专业及心仪的大学继续深造，无需额外满足其他入学要求。此外，他们将进入国家集训队备选名单，并受邀前往哈瓦那参加短期集训。经过最终选拔环节后，将组建代表古巴参加国际化学奥林匹克竞赛的国家队。作为2018年全国赛的一项特色，本届赛题由哈瓦那大学化学学院拟定。本届赛事共设置两套理论赛题，赛题格式与往届保持一致：首日考试为全体选手统一参与的公共赛题环节，包含4道赛题；次日考试为分年级专属赛题环节，每个年级对应3道赛题。本汇编中，赛题均提供官方西班牙语原版及英文译版。本届赛事首次编制了赛前辅导习题手册，用于指导选手及指导教师的备赛工作；该手册收录了经过精心遴选的习题，用于训练选手掌握高难度的化学理论知识点。附录部分收录了本届化学竞赛的最新版竞赛大纲。