Data_MoCa_ IPAQ_Handgrip_strenght.

Age-related decline in both cognitive and neuromuscular function negatively affects independence and quality of life in older adults. Understanding the interplay between cognitive performance and physiological markers may support early identification of functional deterioration. This cross-sectional study examined associations between cognitive function and selected physiological parameters in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Additional measures included handgrip strength, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), physical activity level (IPAQ-SF), and electrically evoked neuromuscular responsiveness using a custom-built diagnostic device. The average MoCA score was 25.5 ± 2.1, with 50% of participants scoring below the commonly used clinical threshold. Handgrip strength was strongly correlated with skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.64), but only weakly associated with cognitive function (r = 0.22). Neuromuscular responsiveness, specifically the slope at 60 Hz stimulation, showed a moderate negative correlation with MoCA scores (r = –0.35), accounting for 20% of its variance (R2 = 0.20; p = 0.088). Physical activity levels were generally low and not significantly related to cognitive or muscular parameters. Electrically evoked neuromuscular markers may serve as complementary indicators to traditional strength assessments and could support early detection of neuromuscular and cognitive decline in older adults.认知与神经肌肉功能随年龄增长出现的衰退，会对老年人的独立生活能力与生活质量造成负面影响。明晰认知表现与生理标志物间的相互作用，或有助于早期识别机体功能衰退。本项横断面研究针对65岁及以上社区居住成年人，探究了认知功能与选定生理参数间的关联。认知表现采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA）进行评估。其余评估指标包括握力、身体成分（生物电阻抗分析）、体力活动水平（国际体力活动问卷短卷，IPAQ-SF），以及采用定制诊断设备检测的电诱发神经肌肉反应性。受试者的平均MoCA得分为25.5±2.1，其中50%的参与者得分低于临床常用临界值。握力与骨骼肌质量呈强相关性（r=0.64），但与认知功能仅呈弱相关（r=0.22）。神经肌肉反应性，尤其是60Hz刺激下的斜率值，与MoCA得分呈中度负相关（r=-0.35），可解释其20%的变异量（R²=0.20；p=0.088）。受试者整体体力活动水平偏低，且与认知或肌肉参数无显著关联。电诱发神经肌肉标志物可作为传统力量评估的补充指标，或有助于早期检测老年人的神经肌肉与认知衰退情况。