National Health Interview Survey, 1998

The purpose of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness,
its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the
kinds of health services people receive. Implementation of a
redesigned NHIS (ICPSR 2954), consisting of a basic module, a periodic
module, and a topical module, began in 1997. The present collection
consists of the basic module and topical modules on prevention, which
contain pregnancy and smoking components along with information on
prevention of illness and injury for adults and children. Each record
in the Household-Level File (Part 1) of the basic module contains data
on the type of living quarters, number of families in the household
responding and not responding, and the month and year of the interview
for each eligible sampling unit. The Family-Level File (Part 2) is
made up of reconstructed variables from the person-level data of the
basic module and includes information on sex, age, race, marital
status, Hispanic origin, education, veteran status, family income,
family size, major activities, health status, activity limits, and
employment status, along with industry and occupation. As part of the
basic module, the Person-Level File (Part 3) provides information on
all family members with respect to health status, limitation of daily
activities, cognitive impairment, and health conditions. Also included
are data on years at current residence, region variables, height,
weight, bed days, doctor visits, hospital stays, and health care
access and utilization. A randomly-selected adult in each family was
interviewed for the Sample Adult File (Part 4) regarding respiratory
conditions, renal conditions, AIDS, joint symptoms, health status,
limitation of daily activities, and behaviors such as smoking, alcohol
consumption, and physical activity. The Sample Child File (Part 5)
provides information from a knowledgeable adult in the household on
medical conditions of one child in the household, such as respiratory
problems, seizures, allergies, and use of special equipment such as
hearing aids, braces, or wheelchairs. Also included are questions
regarding child behavior and the use of mental health services. The
Child Immunization File (Part 6) presents information from shot
records and supplies vaccination status, along with the number and
dates of shots, and information about the chicken pox
vaccine. Episode-based information is found in the Injury Episode File
(Part 7), while information in the Injury Verbatim File (Part 8) is
comprised of narrative text describing injuries, including type of
injury, how the injury occurred, and the body part injured. The Poison
Episode File (Part 9) examines the cause and date of injury or
poisoning, loss of time from work or school, and whether the poisoning
resulted in hospitalization. The prevention modules are being examined
to determine the "Healthy People Objectives for 2010," which have the
aim of reducing or preventing illness and disease among Americans. The
Pregnancy and Smoking Prevention Module (Part 10) contains a record
for every woman 18-49 years of age and provides information on tobacco
use and smoking during pregnancy. The Sample Adult Prevention Module
(Part 11) examines injury prevention, environmental health issues,
tobacco use, nutrition, workplace health promotion, heart disease,
stroke, chronic diseases, clinical services used, preventive services
used, cancer, oral health, physical activity, mental health, family
discussions, and firearm safety. The Sample Child Prevention Module
(Part 12) provides information on health conditions, dental care, and
injury prevention, along with use of seat belts and safety equipment
during participation in sports.

全国健康访谈调查（National Health Interview Survey，NHIS）的核心宗旨为获取疾病的规模与分布特征、疾病所致残疾与慢性损伤效应，以及民众所接受的各类医疗服务相关信息。1997年起，由基础模块、周期性模块与专题模块构成的改版全国健康访谈调查（NHIS，ICPSR 2954）正式实施。本次数据集包含基础模块与预防类专题模块，其中涵盖妊娠与吸烟相关内容，以及成人与儿童的疾病、损伤预防相关信息。
基础模块的家庭层级文件（Household-Level File，第1部分）中，每条记录对应一个合格抽样单元，包含居住类型、家庭受访与未受访户数，以及该单元的访谈年月信息。家庭层级文件（Family-Level File，第2部分）由基础模块的个人层级数据重构得到变量集，涵盖性别、年龄、种族、婚姻状况、西班牙裔血统、受教育程度、退伍军人身份、家庭收入、家庭规模、主要活动、健康状况、活动受限情况、就业状况，以及行业与职业相关信息。作为基础模块组成部分的个人层级文件（Person-Level File，第3部分），可为所有家庭成员提供健康状况、日常活动受限情况、认知障碍与健康病症相关信息。此外还包含当前居住年限、区域变量、身高、体重、卧床天数、就诊次数、住院时长，以及医疗服务可及性与利用情况相关数据。
样本成人文件（Sample Adult File，第4部分）会对每个家庭中随机抽取的成年成员开展访谈，调查内容涵盖呼吸系统疾病、肾脏疾病、艾滋病、关节症状、健康状况、日常活动受限情况，以及吸烟、饮酒、体育活动等行为相关信息。样本儿童文件（Sample Child File，第5部分）的信息由家庭中知情成年人提供，涉及家庭内一名儿童的健康状况，包括呼吸系统疾病、癫痫、过敏，以及助听器、支具、轮椅等特殊设备的使用情况。此外还包含儿童行为与心理健康服务使用相关调研问题。儿童免疫接种文件（Child Immunization File，第6部分）基于接种记录整理数据，提供疫苗接种状态、接种剂次与接种日期，以及水痘疫苗相关信息。
损伤事件文件（Injury Episode File，第7部分）收录基于事件的相关信息；而损伤逐字记录文件（Injury Verbatim File，第8部分）则包含描述损伤的叙事文本，涵盖损伤类型、损伤发生原因与受伤部位。中毒事件文件（Poison Episode File，第9部分）用于分析损伤或中毒的诱因与发生日期、误工/缺课时长，以及中毒是否导致住院治疗。研究团队正针对预防模块展开分析，以匹配“2010年健康人民目标”（Healthy People Objectives for 2010），该目标旨在减少或预防美国民众的疾病与病症发生。
妊娠与吸烟预防模块（Pregnancy and Smoking Prevention Module，第10部分）为每一位18至49岁女性创建一条记录，涵盖孕期烟草使用与吸烟相关信息。样本成人预防模块（Sample Adult Prevention Module，第11部分）的调研内容包括损伤预防、环境卫生问题、烟草使用、营养、职场健康促进、心脏病、中风、慢性疾病、临床服务使用情况、预防服务使用情况、癌症、口腔健康、体育活动、心理健康、家庭讨论与枪支安全。样本儿童预防模块（Sample Child Prevention Module，第12部分）提供健康状况、牙科护理、损伤预防相关信息，以及体育活动期间安全带与安全装备的使用情况。