High frequency of drug-resistant mutation to nucleos(t)de analogues in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected people living with HIV, in the Northeast region of Colombia.

The present poster summarizing significant findings related to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV coinfection, HBV genotypes, and the presence of RAMs in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in the northeastern region of Colombia. Between February 2013 and February 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting virological, immunological, and HAART data from clinical records. In-house nested PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to identify coinfections, genotypes, RAMs, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) escape mutants. Key findings include the confirmation of HBV coinfection in 11.6% of the 275 PLWH, with a breakdown of 28.2% having active hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) and 71.8% having occult hepatitis B infections (OBI). All HBV sequences (n = 23) belonged to genotype F3. Notably, most patients coinfected with HIV/HBV had CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm³, and 37.5% had undetectable HIV viral loads. RAMs associated with resistance to lamivudine/telbivudine and partial resistance to entecavir were present in all HBV isolates. Additionally, an unidentified rt236Y mutation related to tenofovir resistance was identified. ADAPVEMs in the S gene were observed in all isolates, although no vaccine escape mutants were detected. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of HBV molecular screening, resistance monitoring, and the development of new guidelines for PLWH to address RAMs and mitigate HBV-related liver diseases.

本海报总结了合并感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）且接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART）的人群中，与乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus, HBV）抗病毒耐药相关突变（antiviral resistance-associated mutations, RAMs）相关的重要研究成果。本研究旨在调查哥伦比亚东北部地区的艾滋病病毒感染者（people living with HIV, PLWH）队列中HBV合并感染率、HBV基因型以及RAMs的存在情况。2013年2月至2014年2月期间，本研究开展了一项横断面研究，从临床病历中收集病毒学、免疫学及HAART相关数据。研究采用实验室自建巢式PCR（nested PCR）与桑格测序（Sanger sequencing）技术，对合并感染情况、基因型、RAMs及HBV表面抗原（HBV surface antigen, HBsAg）逃逸突变株进行鉴定。主要研究结果如下：275名PLWH中HBV合并感染率为11.6%，其中28.2%为活动性乙型肝炎（HBsAg阳性），71.8%为隐匿性乙型肝炎感染（occult hepatitis B infections, OBI）。所有23株HBV序列均属于基因型F3。值得注意的是，多数HIV/HBV合并感染者的CD4+T细胞计数高于200个/mm³，且37.5%的感染者HIV病毒载量不可检测。所有HBV分离株均携带与拉米夫定/替比夫定耐药、以及恩替卡韦部分耐药相关的RAMs。此外，本研究还鉴定出1株与替诺福韦耐药相关的未知rt236Y突变。所有分离株的S基因中均存在ADAPVEMs，但未检测到疫苗逃逸突变株。综上，本研究强调了对PLWH开展HBV分子筛查、耐药监测以及制定针对RAMs的专属指南的重要性，以应对RAMs问题并减轻HBV相关肝脏疾病的负担。