Banana propagation: traditional techniques.New technologies and innovations

Abstract The different propagation systems for the banana: conventional or by tissue culture are reviewed. Conventional propagation, mainly using suckers, whole rhizomes or bits are still in use for familiar plantings or in farms for local markets in many tropical countries, while vitroplants are the rule in modern commercial banana cultivation. After examining the main morphological and developmental characteristics of the banana plants and a short description of the structures required for the propagation of bananas two main subjects are examined: conventional propagation and micropropagation. In this last section the different systems of micropropagation; Propagation by organogenesis through conventional propagation in semisolid culture media and the more modern systems of micropropagation by somatic embryogenesis and by bioreactors are discussed with special attention to the culture media and illumination required for the production of tissue culture banana plants. The aspects of hardening, acclimatization and field transplant of vitroplants are discussed at the end.摘要 本文综述了香蕉的两类繁殖体系：传统繁殖体系与组织培养（tissue culture）繁殖体系。传统繁殖方式主要以吸芽（suckers）、完整根状茎（rhizome）或其切块作为繁殖材料，目前仍在众多热带国家的散户种植或面向本地市场的小型农场中广泛应用；而试管苗（vitroplant）则是现代商业化香蕉种植的主流选择。在梳理香蕉植株的主要形态与发育特性，并简要介绍香蕉繁殖所需的结构基础后，本文将围绕两大核心主题展开论述：传统繁殖与微繁殖（micropropagation）。在微繁殖章节中，本文将探讨各类微繁殖体系：包括通过半固体培养基（semisolid culture media）进行器官发生（organogenesis）的传统组培繁殖方式，以及更为先进的体细胞胚发生（somatic embryogenesis）法和生物反应器（bioreactors）法微繁殖技术，并重点关注香蕉组培苗生产所需的培养基与光照条件。文末将探讨试管苗的炼苗、驯化（acclimatization）与大田移栽相关技术环节。