Data from: Evidence of extensive home range sharing among mother-daughter bobcat pairs in the wildland-urban interface of the Tucson Mountains

Urbanization impacts the structure and viability of wildlife populations.
Some habitat generalists, such as bobcats (Lynx rufus), maintain
populations at the intersection of wild and urban habitats (wildland urban
interface, WUI), but impacts of urbanization on bobcat social structure
are not well understood. Although commonly thought to establish exclusive
home ranges among females, instances of mother-daughter home range sharing
have been documented. We combined GPS localities with genomic relatedness
inferences from double-digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing
(ddRADseq) to investigate mother-daughter home range sharing in bobcats (n
= 38) at the WUI in the Tucson Mountains, Arizona, USA. We found the
highest relatedness among females, which showed stronger isolation by
distance than males and the population as a whole. Using mother-daughter
relationships inferred from pedigree reconstruction, we found extensive
mother-daughter home range sharing, compared to other females. Every
mother identified as having at least one daughter, shared home ranges with
one daughter, while other confirmed daughters established adjacent home
ranges. Our results provide substantial support for the mother-daughter
home range sharing hypothesis, as well as evidence of spatiotemporal
overlap between mothers and daughters, adding to the body of research
complicating the solitary felid paradigm. These results additionally
challenge the notion of home range partitioning by prior rights land
tenure, suggesting a role of matrilineal land tenure in home range
establishment of daughters. Habitat fragmentation due to human population
growth and urbanization thus has the potential to alter landscape genetic
structure and social dynamics in bobcats.

城市化会对野生生物种群的结构与存续能力造成影响。部分广适性栖息地物种（如短尾猫Lynx rufus）可在野生栖息地与城市栖息地的交界地带（城乡交错带wildland urban interface, WUI）维持种群存续，但目前学界对城市化如何影响短尾猫的社会结构仍缺乏充分认知。尽管普遍认为雌性短尾猫会建立排他性家域，但已有研究记录到母女共享家域的案例。本研究结合GPS定位数据与基于双酶切限制性位点相关DNA测序（ddRADseq）得到的基因组亲缘关系推断结果，对美国亚利桑那州图森山脉城乡交错带内的38只短尾猫展开调查，以探究其母女家域共享现象。研究发现雌性个体间的亲缘关系最高，且雌性的距离隔离效应相较于雄性及种群整体更为显著。通过谱系重建得到的母女关系信息，本研究发现相较于其他雌性个体，存在大量母女共享家域的情况：所有被鉴定出至少拥有一只雌性后代的母短尾猫，均与其中一只雌性后代共享家域，而其余已确认的雌性后代则建立了相邻的家域。本研究结果为“母女共享家域”假说提供了强有力的支撑，同时证实了短尾猫母女间存在时空重叠，进一步丰富了挑战独居猫科动物范式的研究成果。此外，本研究结果还对“基于优先权属划分家域”的观点提出了质疑，表明母系土地权属在雌性后代的家域建立过程中发挥了作用。综上，由人类人口增长与城市化引发的栖息地破碎化，有可能改变短尾猫的景观遗传结构与社会动态。