STATE OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF CBF (BRAZILIAN SOCCER CONFEDERATION) REFEREES FROM THE STATE OF ESPÍRITO SANTO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies indicate that the technical/tactical performance of soccer referees can be impacted by physical fitness and state of health. However, although they are routinely invited to take part in matches at national level, it is not yet clearly established whether referees who work in less prominent regions and soccer championships present the same levels of physical, technical and psychological preparation as referees from more important areas, such as the soccer teams of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Within this context, no studies have evaluated the physical conditioning and health parameters of Brazilian Soccer Confederation (CBF) referees who work in Espírito Santo. Objective: To assess the health and physical fitness levels of CBF soccer referees from Espírito Santo. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 16 participants, 6 referees, and 10 assistant referees. The protocol lasted 12 weeks and consisted of the following analyses: general characteristics, body composition, flexibility, and biochemical and cardiorespiratory profiles. Results: The referees all fell under the age range (26 to 41 years) required by CBF and had good body composition and flexibility results. The cardiorespiratory assessment (rest and effort) of the referees indicated satisfactory physical fitness and consequently, low risk for cardiovascular diseases based on resting heart rate (HR) (64 ± 13 bpm), HR reserve (126 ± 18 bpm) and VO2max (45.3 ± 5.7 ml·kg−1·min−1), results similar to those seen in elite international referees. Regarding the biochemical assessment, the parameters analyzed were within the normal range. Conclusion: Despite the fact that referees from the state of Espírito Santo work in a region of lesser national significance and relevance in the soccer domain, they present satisfactory levels of physical fitness and health parameters to act with safety and precision in national competitions. Level of Evidence IV; Type of study: Case series.

摘要
引言：研究表明，足球裁判员的技战术表现会受到身体素质与健康状况的影响。尽管常规受邀执裁国家级赛事，但目前尚未明确，在影响力与重要性相对有限的地区及次级足球赛事履职的裁判员，其身体、技术与心理备战水平，是否与圣保罗、里约热内卢等核心区域的裁判员相当。在此背景下，尚无研究评估巴西足球联合会（Brazilian Soccer Confederation, CBF）下辖、在圣埃斯皮里图州履职的裁判员的身体机能与健康指标。
研究目的：评估圣埃斯皮里图州下辖CBF足球裁判员的健康状况与身体素质水平。
研究方法：本研究为横断面研究（cross-sectional study），共纳入16名受试者，其中主裁判6名、助理裁判10名。研究周期为12周，检测方案涵盖一般特征、身体成分（body composition）、柔韧性（flexibility）、生化指标（biochemical profile）与心肺功能参数（cardiorespiratory profile）的分析。
研究结果：所有裁判员的年龄均符合CBF规定的26至41岁任职要求，身体成分与柔韧性表现良好。针对裁判员的心肺功能评估（含静息状态与运动负荷状态）结果显示，其身体素质表现优异；结合静息心率（resting heart rate, HR）（64±13次/分钟）、心率储备（HR reserve）（126±18次/分钟）与最大摄氧量（VO2max）（45.3±5.7 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）等指标，其心血管疾病发病风险较低，相关结果与国际顶级裁判员的水平相近。生化指标检测结果均处于正常参考范围内。
研究结论：尽管圣埃斯皮里图州的裁判员所执裁的赛事在全国足球领域的影响力与重要性相对有限，但其身体素质与健康参数均达到了在国家级赛事中安全、精准执裁的标准。
证据等级：IV级；研究类型：病例系列（case series）