UGA-Emory honey bee studies

The Pilot study started in 2014 using 6 apiaries each consisting of 7 colonies - In 3 apiaries the colonies were placed in a circle with entrances facing out and 2 meters separating colonies - In 3 apiaries the colonies were placed in a circle with entrances facing out and 10 meters separating colonies The ED study started in 2015 using 6 apiaries each consisting of 8 colonies - In 3 apiaries the colonies were placed in a line with all entrances facing the same direction and 2 meters separating colonies - In 3 apiaries the colonies were placed in a circle with entrances facing out and 10 meters separating colonies The TO study started in 2016 using 10 apiaries consisting of 14 colonies - In 5 apiaries 2 colonies were inoculated with mites expected to be of high virulence - In 5 apiaries 2 colonies were inoculated with mites expected to be of low virulence The VA study started in 2015 - 8 apiaries each with 10 colonies The CI study started in 2014 - HM, LM, and F bees inoculated with HM, LM, or F mites In each study colonies were initially cleared of mites and then 2 colonies in each apiary were randomly chosen to inoculate with mites - In the pilot study colonies were inoculated once - In the ED study colonies were inoculated twice Variables - wave = sequential month since start of experiment - sticky.screen.72hrs = standard Varroa measurement tool - sticky screen left under colony for 72 hours and mites that are trapped are counted - date indicates when screen first placed - note: sometimes sticky screens could not be left for exactly 72 hours; in these cases the mite count is prorated to 72hours - queen.status = whether the colony is queen right or not or whether there is a virgin queen - mite inoculation = record of date of inoculation and how many mites were added to the colony - colony.weight.kg = the colony weight is measured in kilograms - alcohol.mite.count.300bees = appoximately 300 bees are rinsed in alcohol to remove mites - note: measurement values are prorated to 300 bees - adult.bees.A & B = each side of each frame is examined in a colony. A percentage score for these frames are recorded (ex. adult bees make up 50% of a frame) the percentages for the colony are added together to get the final measurement. In order to reduce error associated with different workers measurements two people measure each colony and the final measurements are averaged (*note: in the CI study only one measurement was taken but this was recorded twice to make it consistent with the existing R code) - brood.coverage.A & B = same measurement procedure as above but for brood instead of adult bees

先导研究（Pilot study）于2014年启动，共设置6个养蜂场（apiary），每个养蜂场包含7个蜂群（colony）。其中3个养蜂场内的蜂群呈圆形排布，巢门朝外，蜂群间距为2米；另外3个养蜂场内的蜂群同样呈圆形排布、巢门朝外，但蜂群间距为10米。

ED研究于2015年启动，共设6个养蜂场，每个养蜂场包含8个蜂群。其中3个养蜂场内的蜂群呈直线排布，所有巢门朝向同一方向，蜂群间距为2米；剩余3个养蜂场内的蜂群呈圆形排布、巢门朝外，蜂群间距为10米。

TO研究于2016年启动，共设10个养蜂场，合计14个蜂群。其中5个养蜂场内各有2个蜂群被接种高毒力螨类（mites）；另外5个养蜂场内各有2个蜂群被接种低毒力螨类。

VA研究于2015年启动，共设8个养蜂场，每个养蜂场包含10个蜂群。

CI研究于2014年启动，试验涉及HM、LM及F型蜜蜂，分别接种HM、LM或F型螨类。

所有研究的通用实验流程如下：所有蜂群均先进行除螨处理，随后每个养蜂场内随机选取2个蜂群进行螨类接种。
- 先导研究中，蜂群仅接种1次；
- ED研究中，蜂群共接种2次。

变量说明
1. wave：实验启动后的连续月份编号
2. sticky.screen.72hrs：标准瓦螨（Varroa）检测工具，具体操作是将粘螨板置于蜂群下方72小时，计数捕获的螨类数量。记录粘螨板首次放置的日期。注意：部分情况下无法确保粘螨板恰好放置72小时，此时需将实测螨数按比例换算为72小时对应的螨计数结果。
3. queen.status：记录蜂群是否拥有正常产卵蜂王，或仅存在处女蜂王
4. mite inoculation：记录螨类接种的日期及向蜂群接入的螨类数量
5. colony.weight.kg：以千克为单位的蜂群重量测量值
6. alcohol.mite.count.300bees：取约300只蜜蜂，用酒精冲洗以脱离其上附着的螨类，注意：测量结果需按比例换算为300只蜜蜂对应的螨计数结果。
7. adult.bees.A & B：对蜂群内每个巢框的两侧（A、B面）分别进行检查，记录各面的成年蜂占框面积的百分比，最终将该蜂群所有巢框的百分比求和得到总占比。为减少不同检测人员带来的误差，每个蜂群由两名检测人员分别测量后取平均值。*注意：CI研究仅进行了一次检测，但为适配现有R代码，将该检测结果重复记录了两次。
8. brood.coverage.A & B：检测流程与adult.bees.A & B一致，仅将检测对象替换为蜂群封盖幼虫而非成年蜜蜂。