FROM THE LOSS OF LEGITIMACY TO POLARIZATION: the parties and party systems of Argentina and Venezuela

The paper updates the classifications of Coppedge (1997) for the parties of Argentina and Venezuela, adding to the original dimensions of left-right and Christian or secular three others, programmatic or clientelistic, materialistic or post-materialistic and ethnic electoral appeal. To do so, it is based on the literature and on an expert survey. One conclusion is that there was little variation in relation to Coppedge’s assessments, with the main parties located around the center, except for the PSUV in Venezuela, which was classified as secular left. Regarding the party systems, the two countries have transited from the legitimacy loss of its traditional parties until the early 2000s to scenarios characterized at the time of this classification by polarization around the adhesion or opposition to kirchnerismo or chavismo. Unlike the Venezuelan case, the polarization in Argentina was more between supporting or opposing the government of each moment than in ideological terms.该论文更新了科普奇（Coppedge, 1997）针对阿根廷与委内瑞拉政党的分类体系，在原有的左右翼、基督教/世俗两个维度之外，新增了三个维度：纲领型（programmatic）vs庇护型（clientelistic）、物质主义（materialistic）vs后物质主义（post-materialistic），以及族群选举吸引力（ethnic electoral appeal）。本研究依托既有学术文献与专家问卷调查完成上述分类更新。研究得出的核心结论之一是，整体而言与科普奇的原有评估差异极小：两国主要政党均处于政治光谱中心位置，唯有委内瑞拉祖国社会主义人民党（PSUV）被归类为世俗左翼政党。就政党体系而言，两国均经历了从传统政党合法性流失（持续至21世纪初），到本次分类时以围绕基什内尔主义（kirchnerismo）或查韦斯主义（chavismo）的支持与对立形成极化格局的转型过程。与委内瑞拉的情况不同，阿根廷的极化更多体现为对不同时期现任政府的支持或反对，而非意识形态层面的对立。