Effects of human activity on Royal penguins on Macquarie Island

This project empirically measures the effects of human activity on the behaviour, heart rate and egg-shell surface temperature of Royal penguins on Macquarie Island, as part of ASAC project 1148. This was achieved by collecting behavioural and physiological responses of individual penguins exposed to pedestrian approaches across the breeding stages of incubation, guard, creche and moult. Both single person and group approaches were also investigated. Information produced includes minimum approach guidelines. As of April 2003 all data are stored on Hi-8 digital tape, due to be transformed during 2003 - 2004 into a timecoded tab-delimited text format for analysis using the Observer (Noldus Information Technology 2002).Some notes about some of the fields in this dataset:Temp file refers to whether or not egg shell surface temperature was also recorded for the sample, with the code below refering to the file name.Neighbour refers to the behavioural control file for each sample (neighbouring nests did not recieve an artificial egg, and provide a behavioural control for responses to human approaches without the scientific treatment).Nest refers to the randomly used nest markers for each sample.Heart rate refers to whether heart rate was concurrently recorded with behaviour on the sample (both stored on Hi-8 tape).Stimulus refers to whether single persons or groups of persons (5 -7, recorded within each sample) were used for the human approaches.Environment refers to whether approaches were conducted from colony sections abuting pebbly beach or from poa tussock environs (tussock approaches less than 50 m of the poa / pebbly beach junction).The code system for nest simply refers to the numbered tag placed at the nest (using three colours, g=green, w=white, b=brown) which were used randomly.The fields in this dataset are:SampleDateBreeding PhaseStimulus TypeEnvironmentColonyNestTapeHeart RateTemp FileNeighbour

本项目作为ASAC项目1148的组成部分，针对麦夸里岛（Macquarie Island）的皇家企鹅（Royal penguins）开展实证研究，量化人类活动对其行为、心率及卵壳表面温度的影响。
研究在孵化、护雏、育幼群及换羽四个繁殖阶段进行，采集了暴露于人类徒步靠近刺激的个体企鹅的行为与生理响应；同时探究了单人靠近与群体靠近两种实验场景。本项目产出内容包含最低安全靠近指南。
截至2003年4月，所有数据均存储于Hi-8数字磁带中，计划于2003-2004年间转换为带时间码的制表符分隔文本格式，以供《观察者》（The Observer，Noldus Information Technology，2002）软件开展分析工作。

本数据集部分字段说明如下：
1. 温度文件（Temp File）：用于指示本次采样是否同步记录了卵壳表面温度，下文所附编码对应数据文件名。
2. 对照样本（Neighbour）：对应每个采样的行为对照文件——邻近巢未放置人工卵，可为未施加科学干预的人类靠近行为反应提供行为对照基准。
3. 巢标记（Nest）：本次采样随机选用的巢位标识。
4. 心率（Heart Rate）：用于指示本次采样是否同步记录了企鹅的心率与行为数据，两类数据均存储于Hi-8磁带中。
5. 刺激源（Stimulus）：用于指示人类靠近实验采用单人还是群体模式（群体规模为5-7人，每个采样内会记录具体人数）。
6. 实验环境（Environment）：用于指示实验靠近操作的开展区域——是毗邻砾石滩的企鹅群落区域，还是早熟禾草丛（Poa tussock）环境（草丛靠近点距离早熟禾/砾石滩交界线不足50米）。
7. 巢编码系统：仅指放置于巢位的编号标识，采用绿、白、棕三种颜色，对应代码分别为g=绿色、w=白色、b=棕色，本次采样随机选用此类标识。

本数据集包含以下字段：采样编号（Sample）、日期（Date）、繁殖阶段（Breeding Phase）、刺激类型（Stimulus Type）、实验环境（Environment）、群落位置（Colony）、巢标记（Nest）、磁带编号（Tape）、心率记录情况（Heart Rate）、温度文件（Temp File）、对照样本文件（Neighbour）