Factors associated with sleep disorders in university students

The objective was to investigate sleep disorders and associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors. A census of university students was carried out. Questions extracted from the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire investigated: insufficient sleep duration (< 6 hours/day for < 65 years and < 5 hours/day for other ages), long latency (> 30 minutes), low self-rated sleep quality, nocturnal awakenings (involuntary, in the middle of the night), and daytime sleepiness (difficulty concentrating). Independent variables included sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were performed with Poisson regression. Of the 1,865 students, 32% exhibited insufficient sleep on class days, 8.2% insufficient sleep on weekends, 18.6% long latency on class days, 17.2% long latency on weekends, 30% low self-rated sleep quality, 12.7% nocturnal awakenings, and 32.2% daytime sleepiness. Higher alcohol consumption was associated with insufficient sleep duration and long latency on class days, low quality sleep, awakenings, and daytime sleepiness. Smoking was associated with insufficient sleep duration on weekends, awakenings, and low-quality sleep. Black and brown skin color were associated with insufficient sleep duration on class days, low-quality sleep, and awakenings. Morning classes were associated with insufficient sleep and daytime sleepiness. Female gender was associated with low-quality sleep and awakenings. The most frequent sleep disorders were insufficient sleep on class days, low self-rated quality of sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Alcohol consumption and smoking and black and brown skin color were the principal factors associated with sleep disorders.

本研究旨在探讨睡眠障碍及相关社会人口学与行为因素。研究针对全体大学生开展了全普查调研。采用慕尼黑睡眠时型问卷（Munich Chronotype Questionnaire）中的问题评估以下指标：睡眠时长不足（65岁以下人群日均睡眠<6小时，其余人群日均睡眠<5小时）、入睡潜伏期延长（>30分钟）、主观睡眠质量低下、夜间觉醒（夜间中途非自愿醒来）及日间嗜睡（难以集中注意力）。自变量涵盖社会人口学特征与行为特征，采用泊松回归进行校正后分析。在1865名受访大学生中，32%的学生在上课日存在睡眠时长不足，8.2%在周末出现睡眠时长不足；18.6%在上课日存在入睡潜伏期延长，17.2%在周末出现入睡潜伏期延长；30%主观睡眠质量低下，12.7%存在夜间觉醒，32.2%存在日间嗜睡。饮酒量较高与上课日睡眠时长不足、入睡潜伏期延长、睡眠质量低下、夜间觉醒及日间嗜睡均存在关联。吸烟与周末睡眠时长不足、夜间觉醒及睡眠质量低下存在关联。深肤色与棕肤色人群与上课日睡眠时长不足、睡眠质量低下及夜间觉醒存在关联。早间课程与睡眠时长不足及日间嗜睡存在关联。女性性别与睡眠质量低下及夜间觉醒存在关联。最常见的睡眠障碍为上课日睡眠时长不足、主观睡眠质量低下及日间嗜睡。饮酒、吸烟以及深肤色与棕肤色是与睡眠障碍相关的主要影响因素。