Orlando Furioso in The Louvre, Lens

Roland was the bravest and most loyal of the 12 legendary paladins, or knights, who served Charlemagne, king of the Franks*. Although Charlemagne was a historical figure, many fanciful tales about the king and his knights appeared during the Middle Ages. It was said that Roland stood 8 feet tall and carried a magical sword called Durindana (or Durendal) that had once belonged to the Trojan hero Hector. According to medieval stories, Roland (or Orlando) was the son of Charlemagne's sister. Living as a poor peasant in Italy, he was welcomed to the court of the king after his true identity was revealed. Although a powerful warrior, Roland's concern with winning honor and fame eventually cost him his life. Ganelon to negotiate with the Muslim leader. Instead, jealous of Roland, Ganelon plotted with the enemy and revealed the route Roland's army planned to take. The Muslims waited for Roland and ambushed him at Roncesvalles in the Pyrenees Mountains. The paladins had told Roland to blow his ivory horn to summon reinforcements from Charlemagne, but Roland refused to call for help until the battle was almost lost. By then it was too late. When Charlemagne's troops arrived, Roland and many of the bravest paladins were dead. At the end of the story, Charlemagne had Ganelon killed for his treachery The expressive power of the Roland, whose destructive fury was hampered, impressed the public 1831. Betrayed furniture in his love for the princess Angelica, the paladin expresses his despair with unprecedented violence, any romantic. However, Duseigneur honors her knight worthy of heroic nudity of classical sculpture. Duseigneur young sculptor, 23, caused a sensation at the 1831 Salon by presenting the plaster model of Roland furious. The violence of the expression immediately made a manifesto of romantic sculpture. Owned by the wrath of her unrequited love and struggling to free himself from his bonds, Roland band muscles, twists his limbs and torso, hands gripping the ground; the face is contorted in pain, eyes are rolled back by dementia. The writer and poet Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) dedicated an ode to the sculptor, where he sings: Roland the paladin, who, foaming at the mouth,Under a frowning, rolling a fawn and fishy eye,And on acute rocks he uprooted,Naked, mad love, the fire in the nostrilProtrudes large bones of her large breasts,And twists his chained members. The work, however, reveals all the ambiguities of romantic sculpture. The sculptor was inspired by Orlando Furioso (1516-1532) of Ariosto, which recounts the adventures of Charlemagne's paladins. Roland, the bravest of them learns that Angelique, the beautiful princess of Cathay which he is madly in love, loves another. Mad with grief, he throws his armor, tore his clothes and gives way to fury, uprooting trees with bare hands. Knights friends manage to bind to end its ravages and try to bring him to reason. The subject seems to share the taste of the Romantic generation for the Middle Ages. Duseigneur, which belonged to the inner circle of Victor Hugo, had also adopted the medieval name Jehan. Yet the artist does not describe a knight in armor, with all its picturesque paraphernalia. He chose the only passage where the hero is stripped, allowing him to justify a virtuoso demonstration academic nude, consistent with the classical tradition. The Conservative critic Gustave Planche also appreciated some good muscle portions. Seminal work of romanticism, it was not yet transcribed bronze that 36 years later, after the death of the artist. His son Maurice the melted at its expense and sold it cheaply to the state. It was presented a few years in the garden of Luxembourg before entering the Louvre in 1900. This object is part of Scan The World. Scan the World is a non-profit initiative introduced by MyMiniFactory, through which we are creating a digital archive of fully 3D printable sculptures, artworks and landmarks from across the globe for the public to access for free. Scan the World is an open source, community effort, if you have interesting items around you and would like to contribute, email [e-mail] to find out how you can help.罗兰是侍奉法兰克王国国王查理曼（Charlemagne）的十二位传奇圣骑士（paladin）中最为勇敢忠诚的一位。尽管查理曼是真实存在的历史人物，但中世纪期间涌现了大量关于这位国王与麾下骑士的奇幻传说。传说中罗兰身高八尺，手持一柄名为杜兰德尔（Durindana / Durendal）的魔剑，此剑曾属于特洛伊（Trojan）英雄赫克托尔。 根据中世纪叙事，罗兰（或称奥兰多）是查理曼的外甥。他曾以贫苦农民的身份生活在意大利，直至真实身份揭晓后才得以进入国王宫廷。尽管罗兰战力强悍，但他对荣誉与名望的执着最终葬送了自己的性命。加尼隆受命与穆斯林首领交涉，却因嫉妒罗兰，暗中与敌军勾结，泄露了罗兰所部的行军路线。穆斯林军队在比利牛斯山脉的龙塞斯瓦列斯（Roncesvalles）设伏，突袭了罗兰的部队。 圣骑士们曾嘱咐罗兰吹响象牙号角（ivory horn），向查理曼求援，但罗兰直至战局濒临崩溃才肯呼救，彼时早已为时已晚。当查理曼的援军赶到时，罗兰与众多最英勇的圣骑士已悉数阵亡。故事的结局是，查理曼以叛国罪处死了加尼隆。 1831年，一件刻画罗兰狂怒姿态的作品凭借极具感染力的表现力震撼了公众。因对公主安杰丽卡的爱恋遭到背叛，这位圣骑士以前所未有的狂暴姿态抒发绝望，尽显浪漫主义特质。而雕塑家迪瑟尼厄尔（Duseigneur）赋予这位骑士的，正是古典雕塑般的赤身英雄姿态。 23岁的青年雕塑家迪瑟尼厄尔，以《狂怒的罗兰》石膏模型在1831年巴黎沙龙引发轰动。作品中极具张力的表情，即刻成为浪漫主义雕塑的宣言。作品中，罗兰被单恋的怒火吞噬，奋力挣脱束缚：他肌肉虬结，四肢与躯干扭曲，双手紧抓地面；面部因痛苦扭曲，双眼因癫狂向后翻起。作家、诗人泰奥菲尔·戈蒂耶（Théophile Gautier，1811-1872）曾为这位雕塑家献上颂诗，其中写道： "圣骑士罗兰，口吐白沫， 眉头紧锁，翻着浑浊腥臭的白眼， 在尖锐的岩石间连根拔起， 赤裸着，为爱癫狂，鼻孔喷吐火焰， 硕大的胸骨与乳房凸起， 扭动着被束缚的肢体。" 然而这件作品也尽显浪漫主义雕塑的所有矛盾性。雕塑家的灵感源自阿里奥斯托的《疯狂的奥兰多》（Orlando Furioso，1516-1532），该书讲述了查理曼麾下圣骑士们的冒险故事。罗兰作为其中最英勇的一位，得知自己疯狂爱慕的契丹（Cathay）公主安杰丽卡倾心他人，顿时悲痛欲绝：他弃掷铠甲、撕裂衣衫，陷入狂怒，徒手拔起树木。友人们只得将他捆绑，以制止其暴行，并试图让他恢复理智。 这一主题似乎契合了浪漫主义一代对中世纪题材的偏好。迪瑟尼厄尔身处维克多·雨果的核心社交圈，还曾取中世纪化名让（Jehan）。但这位艺术家并未刻画身着铠甲、带着全套华丽装备的骑士，而是选择了主角褪去衣衫的场景，借此得以展现学院派古典传统中堪称精湛的裸体造型技法。保守派评论家古斯塔夫·普朗谢也对作品中出色的肌肉刻画部分予以肯定。 作为浪漫主义的奠基性作品，它直至艺术家去世36年后才被铸成青铜像。他的儿子莫里斯出资将其熔化铸型，并以低价售予法国政府。这件作品曾在卢森堡花园展出数年，最终于1900年入藏卢浮宫（Louvre）。 本作品属于"扫描世界（Scan The World）"项目。"扫描世界"是MyMiniFactory推出的非营利性倡议，旨在构建全球范围内可3D打印的雕塑、艺术品与地标建筑的数字档案库，供公众免费获取。该项目为开源社区项目，若您身边有有趣的藏品并希望参与贡献，可发送邮件至[e-mail]了解参与方式。