Shear Shock Waves Mediate Haptic Holography via Focused Ultrasound - Human Hand: Wave Patterns and Perception

Human Hand: Wave Patterns and Perception

This dataset is part of a larger repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5248082) which houses links to the data used in the publication "Shear Shock Waves Mediate Haptic Holography via Focused Ultrasound" (Reardon et al., 2023). If you use these data please cite our publication (http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adf2037).

This dataset contains the in vivo response of a single participant's hand to focused ultrasound (UHEV1, Ultrahaptics) scanned in a zigzag path from the wrist to the distal end of digit 2 (and vice-versa). The data is provided as .mat files. The files are separated via longitudinal scanning speed, vl = 1, 2, 4, 7, 11 m/s. At all speeds, the ultrasound focus was modulated transverse to its primary motion direction at a speed, vmod of +-2.5 m/s yielding a zigzag path (2 cm path width). The longitudinal speed is designated in the filename. The direction of scanning - either from the wrist to the distal end of digit 2 (Distal direction) or from the distal end of digit 2 to the wrist (Proximal direction) - is also designated in the filename. Written, informed consent was gathered from the participant in this study, and the protocol was approved by the human subjects committee of our institution. Details about our experimental procedure can be found in our publication.

IMPORTANT - The data is the unprocessed output from a laser doppler vibrometer (PSV-500, Polytec). The data is NOT time-aligned and must be reconstructed using the reference signal and the map of the measurement locations.

Data Fields

y (NxMx2) - 3D array containing the skin velocity normal to the laser doppler vibrometer (in m/s) at N measurement locations for M timepoints and 2 repetitions

ref (NxMx2) - 3D array containing a reference voltage signal taken from the ultrasound phased array. The beginning of the reference signal can be used to time-align each of the measurements and repetitions

fs - Laser doppler vibrometer sampling rate (in Hz)

measurementLocations (Nx3) - 3D locations on the hand (x,y,z; in m) for each of N measurement locations

BehavioralDataset.zip

Contains the responses from three different perception experiments on tactile motion direction discrimination. The experiments are provided in three separate files; the results are provided as a MATLAB table. Written, informed consent was gathered from all participants in this study, and the protocol was approved by the human subjects committee of our institution. Details about our experimental procedure can be found in our publication.

In the first experiment, SSW_PrimaryDataset.mat, participants (N=12) identified the direction of the focused ultrasound as either moving from the wrist to the end of digit 2 (Distal direction) or from the end of digit 2 to the wrist (Proximal direction).

The second experiment, SSW_SecondaryDataset-Zigzag.mat, was nearly identical to the first experiment, except we cyclically repeated the stimuli such that the total integrated time in which the stimulus was applied to the skin was approximately constant between all of the different scan speeds. The participants (N=3) identified the motion direction of the focused ultrasound as either "Distal" or "Proximal" under two conditions - one in which there was no delay between our cyclical repeats (No Delay condition) and a second in which there was a 500 ms time delay between subsequent repetitions (With Delay condition).

The third file, SSW_SecondaryDataset-Circle.mat, presents the pilot results (N=1) of a similar tactile motion experiment, except with circular trajectories (radius 2.8 cm) drawn on the palm of the hand in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The stimuli were also repeated cyclically (with and without delay between repetitions), similar to experiment two.

Table Fields - SSW_PrimaryDataset.mat

Participant - Participant label

Speed - Longitudinal speed, *vl*, of the focused ultrasound stimulus (in m/s)

Response - Participant response as a binary 0 (Distal direction) or 1 (Proximal direction)

Direction - True direction of the stimulus as a binary 0 (Distal direction) or 1 (Proximal direction)

isCorrect - Indicates whether the participant's response matches the true stimulus direction

Repetition - Stimuli were block randomized and "Repetition" refers to how many times the participant has seen that specific stimulus

ResponseLabel - Participant response as either "Distal" or "Proximal"

DirectionLabel - True label of the stimulus as either "Distal" or "Proximal"

Plays - Number of times the participant felt the stimulus before selecting a response

Table Fields - SSW_SecondaryDataset-Zigzag.mat

Participant - Participant label

Speed - Longitudinal speed, *vl*, of the focused ultrasound stimulus (in m/s)

Response - Participant response as a binary 0 (Distal direction) or 1 (Proximal direction)

Direction - True direction of the stimulus as a binary 0 (Distal direction) or 1 (Proximal direction)

isCorrect - Indicates whether the participant's response matches the true stimulus direction

Repetition - Stimuli were block randomized and "Repetition" refers to how many times the participant has seen that specific stimulus

ResponseLabel - Participant response as either "Distal" or "Proximal"

DirectionLabel - True label of the stimulus as either "Distal" or "Proximal"

Condition - Indicates the experimental condition ("NoDelay" or "WithDelay")

Table Fields - SSW_SecondaryDataset-Circle.mat

Participant - Participant label

Speed - Linear speed of the focused ultrasound stimulus along the circular trajectory (in m/s)

Response - Participant response as a binary 0 (Counterclockwise direction) or 1 (Clockwise direction)

Direction - True direction of the stimulus as a binary 0 (Counterclockwise direction) or 1 (Clockwise direction)

isCorrect - Indicates whether the participant's response matches the true stimulus direction

Repetition - Stimuli were block randomized and "Repetition" refers to how many times the participant has seen that specific stimulus

ResponseLabel - Participant response as either "Counterclockwise" or "Clockwise"

DirectionLabel - True label of the stimulus as either "Counterclockwise" or "Clockwise"

Condition - Indicates the experimental condition ("NoDelay" or "WithDelay")