<b>Developing Ethical Reasoning in Undergraduate Medical Students through a Structured Reflection and Problem-Based Learning Framework</b>

Though undergraduate medical students are exposed to the framework of medical ethics, Critical thinking is underemphasized. The ability to think critically and take ethically acceptable decisions becomes a defining trait of professional competence. This study attempted to develop, implement, and evaluate a structured learning module designed to enhance ethical reasoning and critical decision-making skills in undergraduate medical students. The module integrates anonymized guided reflective writing with problem-based small group discussions to create an engaging and contextually rich learning experience. By combining guided reflection with collaborative exploration of ethical dilemmas through discussion, the study seeks to foster deeper moral reasoning, encourage empathy, and equip future physicians with the skills needed to navigate complex ethical situations in clinical practice.尽管医学本科生已接触医学伦理框架相关内容，但批判性思维的培养仍未得到足够重视。具备批判性思维能力并作出合乎伦理的决策，已成为专业胜任力的标志性特征。本研究尝试开发、实施并评估了一款结构化学习模块，该模块专为提升医学本科生的伦理推理与批判性决策能力而设计。该模块将匿名引导式反思写作与基于问题的小组讨论相结合，打造出引人入胜且情境内涵丰富的学习体验。本研究通过将引导式反思与基于讨论的伦理困境协作探索相结合，旨在培养更深入的道德推理能力、激发同理心，并为未来的医师配备应对临床实践中复杂伦理情境的必备技能。