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In the current era of big data, the exponential increase in the volume of social data has exerted a significant influence on the government and all sectors of society, with the opening of government data becoming an irresistible trend. In this paper, several regional central cities are selected as the representatives of municipal governments to analyze the characteristics and weaknesses of their data-opening policies from various perspectives including policy effectiveness, policy tools, and policy targets. This is of reference significance for the municipal governments of an individual country in the formulation of data opening policies. To be specific, with 2015–2021 as the timeline, based on the six regions of the country, the central cities of each region are selected as representatives of municipal cities, and the text coding of 85 data opening policies implemented in regional central cities are performed. On this basis, a “policy tool-policy targets-policy effectiveness” collaborative measurement model is constructed through the policy tool theory, and the co-evolution analysis of the relevant policies is conducted. The research results are as follows. Firstly, there is a positive correlation between the total policy effectiveness and its quantity, indicating that the number of data-opening policies plays a positive role to a certain extent. However, the average effectiveness shows no significant increase, indicating the inadequate specificity of each policy. Secondly, the degree of synergy between policy tools fluctuates periodically, indicating that the government is constantly trying new methods, with more importance attached to the synergy between government capacity cultivation and positive incentive tools. Thirdly, policy targets continue to show new connotations over time, and there has been new progress made in the coordination between the other three objectives driven by data opening. However, it is imperative to enhance the synergy between the objectives of building a smart city and improving the services related to livelihood. Finally, some targeted suggestions are put forward on how to further improve the data opening policy implemented by municipal governments from three perspectives.在当前大数据时代，社会数据体量呈指数级增长，对政府及社会各领域均产生了深远影响，政府数据开放已成为不可逆转的趋势。本文选取若干区域中心城市作为地方政府代表，从政策效力、政策工具、政策目标等多维度剖析其数据开放政策的特征与短板，可为单一国家的地方政府制定数据开放政策提供参考借鉴。具体而言，本文以2015-2021年为时间跨度，以该国六大区域为基础，选取各区域中心城市作为地方代表样本，对区域中心城市出台的85项数据开放政策进行文本编码分析。在此基础上，基于政策工具理论构建“政策工具-政策目标-政策效力”协同测度模型，并对相关政策开展协同演化分析。研究结果如下：其一，政策总效力与政策数量呈正相关关系，表明数据开放政策的总量在一定程度上发挥了积极作用；但政策平均效力未出现显著提升，反映出单项政策的针对性尚有不足。其二，政策工具间的协同程度呈周期性波动，反映出政府正持续探索新的政策路径，且愈发重视政府能力培育类工具与正向激励类工具之间的协同配合。其三，政策目标随时间推移不断衍生出新的内涵，数据开放驱动下的其余三类目标间的协同已取得新进展，但仍需进一步强化智慧城市建设与民生服务优化两大目标之间的协同性。最后，本文从三个维度提出针对性建议，以期进一步完善地方政府的数据开放政策体系。