POLITISKY24: U.S. Political Bluesky Dataset with Stance Labels

POLITISKY24 (Political Stance Analysis on Bluesky for 2024) is a first-of-its-kind dataset for stance detection, focused on the 2024 U.S. presidential election. It designed for target-specific user-level stance detection and contains 16,044 user-target stance pairs centered on two key political figures, Kamala Harris and Donald Trump. In addition, this dataset includes detailed metadata, such as complete user posting histories and engagement graphs (likes, reposts, and quotes). Stance labels were generated using a robust and evaluated pipeline that integrates state-of-the-art Information Retrieval (IR) techniques with Large Language Models (LLMs), offering confidence scores, reasoning explanations, and text spans for each label. With an LLM-assisted labeling accuracy of 81%, POLITISKY24 provides a rich resource for the target-specific stance detection task. This dataset enables the exploration of Bluesky platform, paving the way for deeper insights into political opinions and social discourse, and addressing gaps left by traditional datasets constrained by platform policies. In the uploaded files: The file 'Human_annotation_on_validation_users.csv' contains human-annotated stance labels for 445 validation users toward Trump and Harris, resulting in a total of 890 user-target pairs.The labels are divided into four stances: 1 (favor), 2 (against), 3 (neutral), and 4 (unrelated). To simplify the stance annotations provided by the large language model, the "neutral" and "unrelated" categories are combined and represented as "neither." The file 'LLM_annotation_on_validation_users.json' contains stance labels annotated by a state-of-the-art LLM for 445 validation users toward Trump and Harris, resulting in a total of 890 user-target pairs. In addition to stance labels, each pair includes an explanation of the reasoning, the source tweets, spans from the source tweets used in the reasoning, and a confidence score. The file 'LLM_annotation_on_dataset_users.json' is similar to 'LLM_annotation_on_validation_users.json but is generated for all dataset users excluding the validation set. It provides stance labels for 8,022 users toward Trump and Harris, totaling 16,044 user-target pairs. The file 'Main_dataset_for_stance_detection.parquet' contains up to 1,000 recent English-language posts (including both original posts and reposts) from each of the 8,022 + 445 = 8,467 users. This file was used for the stance detection task. The file 'Bluesky_dataset_on_us_politics.parquet' is similar to 'Main_dataset_for_stance_detection.parquet', but it contains all posts (including both original posts and reposts) from each of the 8,022 + 445 = 8,467 users. The file 'Like_network.parquet' captures users' interactions through likes. Specifically, it contains the number of likes each user has given to original posts made by other users. It includes likes from 8,022 + 445 = 8,467 users, but it is not limited to interactions from these users alone. The files 'Repost_network.parquet' and 'Quote_network.parquet' are similar to 'Like_network.parquet', but they capture users' interactions through reposts and quotes, respectively.POLITISKY24（2024年Bluesky平台政治立场分析数据集，Political Stance Analysis on Bluesky for 2024）是首个同类立场检测数据集，聚焦2024年美国总统大选。该数据集专为面向特定目标的用户级立场检测任务设计，包含围绕两位关键政治人物——卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）与唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的16044条用户-目标立场配对样本。此外，数据集还包含详尽的元数据，如完整的用户发帖历史与互动图谱（点赞、转发与引用帖）。 立场标签通过一套经过验证的稳健流水线生成，该流水线整合了当前领先的信息检索（Information Retrieval, IR）技术与大语言模型（Large Language Model, LLM），可为每个标签提供置信度评分、推理依据与原文片段。借助大语言模型辅助标注的准确率达81%，POLITISKY24为面向特定目标的立场检测任务提供了丰富的研究资源。本数据集支持对Bluesky平台的探索，为深入剖析政治观点与社会话语提供了路径，同时填补了受平台政策限制的传统数据集留下的研究空白。 在上传文件中： 文件'Human_annotation_on_validation_users.csv'包含445名验证用户针对特朗普与哈里斯的人工标注立场标签，总计890条用户-目标配对样本。标签分为四类立场：1（支持）、2（反对）、3（中立）与4（无关）。为简化大语言模型生成的立场标注，将“中立”与“无关”类别合并，统一表示为“中性无关”。 文件'LLM_annotation_on_validation_users.json'包含由当前领先大语言模型为445名验证用户生成的针对特朗普与哈里斯的立场标注，总计890条用户-目标配对样本。除立场标签外，每条样本还包含推理依据、来源推文、推理过程中使用的原文片段以及置信度评分。 文件'LLM_annotation_on_dataset_users.json'与'LLM_annotation_on_validation_users.json'结构类似，但针对除验证集外的全部数据集用户生成。该文件为8022名用户提供了针对特朗普与哈里斯的立场标签，总计16044条用户-目标配对样本。 文件'Main_dataset_for_stance_detection.parquet'包含8022名与445名用户（总计8467名用户）每人最多1000条近期英文帖子（含原创帖与转发帖），该文件用于立场检测任务。 文件'Bluesky_dataset_on_us_politics.parquet'与'Main_dataset_for_stance_detection.parquet'结构类似，但包含8467名用户的全部发帖内容（含原创帖与转发帖）。 文件'Like_network.parquet'记录了用户通过点赞产生的互动行为，具体包含每位用户为其他用户原创帖所点赞的数量。该文件涵盖8467名用户的点赞数据，但不限于该部分用户的互动行为。 文件'Repost_network.parquet'与'Quote_network.parquet'与'Like_network.parquet'结构类似，分别记录用户通过转发与引用帖产生的互动行为。