The Sport Psychology Canvas: Designing, adapting, and documenting Sport Psychology provisions in men’s football academies in England

In this paper, we aim to: (1) identify common contextual forces influencing sport psychology practice in men’s football academies in England, (2) classify common sport psychology departments, and (3) provide a research-informed tool for designing, adapting, and documenting sport psychology provisions called The Sport Psychology Canvas. The study involved 16 sport psychologists working in men’s football academies in England, comprising six women and ten men. Data collection consisted of three stages: two individual interviews with each participant and one round of two focus groups with ten participants split evenly in each group. Following each stage, data were analyzed through open coding, followed by grouping codes into concepts. The findings informed the development of the second interview and focus group guides. The findings are presented in three sections. The first section discusses two key forces shaping provisions, (i) Uncertainty for Players and Staff: How players, parents/carers, and staff navigate existential needs, leading to significant stress and anxiety, (ii) Pervasive Unrealistic Expectations: The impact of unrealistic expectations, often shaped by notions of objectivity and ideals from other sport sciences. Second, we offer an overview of common organizational structures in sport psychology departments, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Last, we introduce The Sport Psychology Canvas, a flexible template for designing, adapting, and documenting sport psychology programmes. This Canvas can guide practitioners or department heads in delivering high-quality provisions tailored to their specific context.本研究旨在达成三项核心目标：(1) 识别影响英国男子足球学院运动心理学（Sport Psychology）实践的常见情境驱动因素；(2) 对常见的运动心理学部门组织结构进行分类；(3) 推出一款基于研究成果的工具——《运动心理学画布》（The Sport Psychology Canvas），用于设计、调整及记录运动心理学服务供给方案。 本研究共招募16名任职于英国男子足球学院的运动心理学从业者，其中女性6名、男性10名。数据采集分为三个阶段：对每名参与者开展两次个人访谈，以及开展一轮包含两组焦点小组的讨论，每组各招募5名参与者。每一阶段结束后，研究团队均通过开放编码法对数据进行分析，随后将编码归纳为概念范畴。研究发现为后续第二阶段访谈及焦点小组讨论提纲的制定提供了依据。 研究结果分为三个部分展开阐述：第一部分探讨了塑造运动心理学服务供给的两大核心因素：(i) 运动员与工作人员的生存压力困境：运动员、家长/照料者及工作人员如何应对生存需求，由此引发显著的压力与焦虑情绪；(ii) 普遍存在的非现实预期：非现实预期往往源于其他运动科学领域的客观性理念与理想标准，其带来的负面影响。第二部分对常见的运动心理学部门组织结构进行综述，并阐明了各类结构的优势与局限。最后，本研究介绍了《运动心理学画布》（The Sport Psychology Canvas）——一款用于设计、调整及记录运动心理学项目的灵活模板，该工具可帮助从业者或部门管理者针对自身特定场景提供高质量的定制化运动心理学服务。