Decoding Fairness in the Value Chain of the Tagbanua Wild Honey Community Forestry Enterprise. Poster on Tropentag 2016

One of the traditional livelihood practices of indigenous Tagbanuas in Palawan, Philippines is wild honey gathering from the giant honey bee. In order to analyse the linkages of the social and ecological systems involved in this indigenous practice, we conducted spatial, quantitative, and qualitative analysis on field data gathered through GPS mapping, community surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. We found that only 24% of the 251 local community members surveyed could correctly identify the giant honey bee. Inferential statistics showed that a lower level of education and higher household vegetation contribute to correct identification of the giant honey bee. Spatial analysis revealed that mean NDVI of sampled nesting tree areas has dropped from 0.61 in the year 1988 to 0.41 in 2015. This reduction on vegetation cover may contribute to reduced bee-human interactions and may also be an indication that commercialising non-timber forest products is not fulfiling its objective of development alongside conservation. Indigenous wild honey hunting and gathering as an ICDP shows the complexity of the social-ecological system of forest communities. It also shows the difficulty of getting a win-win situation out of simultaneous pursuit of forest conservation and rural development. Knowledge shifts can, indeed, occur from the interaction of ecological and social factors and we see that if resource management interventions do not employ a systems approach, it can overlook important feedback. NGO interventions should not only facilitate the learning of visible resource managers like wild honey hunters but of the community as a whole.

Purpose: This poster has been presented at Tropentag 2016 session ---> 3.4 Knowledge systems.

菲律宾巴拉望岛的塔格巴努亚原住民（Tagbanuas）的传统生计实践之一，是从巨型蜜蜂处采集野生蜂蜜。为分析这一本土实践所涉及的社会与生态系统之间的关联，我们依托全球定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）测绘、社区调研、焦点小组讨论以及关键知情人访谈获取的实地数据，开展了空间、定量与定性分析。我们发现，在受访的251名当地社区成员中，仅24%能够正确识别巨型蜜蜂。推断统计分析表明，受教育水平较低、家庭所在区域植被覆盖度更高的群体，更易准确识别巨型蜜蜂。空间分析结果显示，采样筑巢树木区域的平均归一化差异植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI）已从1988年的0.61降至2015年的0.41。这种植被覆盖度的下降，可能会减少蜜蜂与人类的互动，同时也暗示非木材林产品的商业化并未实现其兼顾发展与保护的目标。将本土野生蜂蜜采猎作为一项整合社区发展保护项目（Integrated Community Development and Conservation Project，ICDP）来看，其凸显了森林社区社会-生态系统的复杂性，同时也展现了在同步推进森林保护与乡村发展的过程中，达成双赢局面的难度。诚然，知识的变迁可源于生态与社会因素的交互作用，我们也发现，若资源管理干预未采用系统方法，便可能忽视关键的反馈机制。非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization，NGO）的干预举措，不应仅推动野生蜂蜜采猎者这类显性资源管理者的学习，还应惠及整个社区。说明：本海报已在2016年Tropentag大会3.4分会场（知识系统主题）进行展示。